Architectural and construction design: general concepts

Architectural and construction design of a private house in the Wright style. Tver region

View of the house from the main facade. 3D visualization from an architectural project

Architectural solution for the side facade of the house

Visualization of the architectural design of the terrace from the rear facade of the house

Individual design

Our architectural design studio specializes in the design of suburban real estate properties. We will develop for you an individual architectural design of the house, as well as all other important and necessary sections of the design documentation for the comfortable construction of the house with reasonable minimization of costs.

On this page of the site you can familiarize yourself with the composition of the architectural project (AR - architectural solutions) of a country residential building - find out what it includes; the level of its elaboration, the composition of the drawings; the degree of detail of the general view (3D visualization), and order an individual design. For clarity, an example of an architectural project of a country house with a total area of ​​205.3 sq.m. is shown. in the Tver region.

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Navigation

• Why do you need an architectural project?
• What is included in the AR (architectural solutions section)?
• View a finished example of an architectural project for a residential building
• How to order an individual architectural project?
• Online calculation of the cost of architectural and other projects
• Copyright and architectural design
• Architectural design according to GOST
• Have an architectural project and are not satisfied with the entrance lobby and facades?
• What other projects are needed to successfully build a house?

Types of architectural projects

All projects in architecture are divided into standard, draft and ready-made according to certain criteria.

• Typical projects are usually those presented by companies engaged in individual construction. They include only the documentation necessary to obtain permits for construction work.
• Draft designs contain only the external image of the building - a sketch. After receiving the preliminary design, all calculations and work of the architect-designer will need to be provided separately. Designing a house this way is a very time-consuming and expensive job.
• The most popular are ready-made projects. Buildings built according to such projects are convenient for investors and highly liquid for the market, as well as reliable for the owner of the future cottage. In addition, this is the most economical type possible; it takes significantly less money and time to construct a building according to a ready-made project.

Design software

With the development of digital technologies, universal programs are increasingly being used to speed up the work of designers. The most popular among them are:

• Autodesk Revit is a specialized software environment for developing a complete package of architectural and construction documentation. Can be used independently or in conjunction with other Autodesk products for further work on the object.
• AutoCAD is a comprehensive software for the full design cycle of permanent structures.
• Architecture Engineering Construction Collection IC is a comprehensive solution for developing a building project from primary architectural sketches to estimates.
• ArchiCAD is also a comprehensive product for the full cycle of architectural and structural design.
• Allplan is a program focused on design based on simple three-dimensional objects, allowing you to perform the entire range of design work.

Additionally, there is a built-in autoSPDS module for Autodesk products. It adapts software developer standards to domestic regulations. In addition to the listed programs, there are a large number of specialized systems for carrying out individual design stages.

The development and use of software in processes has outlined a trend towards a completely new, more comprehensive and high-quality approach. The concept of BIM design appeared. It covers all stage-by-stage organized numerical and other information about an object, for use not only at the stages of design and construction of a building, but also during its operation and demolition.

Composition of an architectural project. Architectural and constructive solutions

Architectural solutions section

This part includes text and graphic divisions.

The text part of the architectural solutions section includes:

• Showing technical and economic aspects
• Representation of the exterior and interior of the building. Showing its planning, spatial, functional organization.
• Explanation of architectural and artistic spatial solutions by fulfilling certain parameters.
• Justification of artistic and decorative elements that are used in the exterior of the house.
• Description of all design solutions in the interior, that is, decorative elements, finishing and materials.
• Specification of materials
• Specification of equipment used

Graphic part of architectural solutions

The graphic component of architectural solutions includes all images of facades, plans for each floor, and drawings.

Components of the graphic part:

• Color solution
• Schemes of each floor
• Roof plan
• Cuts
• Ventilation ducts
• Additional drawings if necessary

Section of design solutions

This section provides detailed descriptions of the following characteristics:

• soil condition, climate features on the site
• engineering solutions that provide structures with high density and resistance to damage
• insulating devices

The graphic part includes drawings, plans for the roof, floors and foundation, and floor plans.

Directions

The project, architectural and design, can be standard or developed based on the wishes of the customer. This takes into account: the terrain and climate of the area, the planned supply of resources (water, energy, gas), lighting, availability of materials, etc. Among the important prerequisites is the possibility of delivering construction equipment to the construction site. Types of residential building or public building projects:

• Typical - such projects are carried out utilitarian, their appearance is determined by the design and is designed to simplify construction. Includes standard engineering and design solutions. The plan and design of the building are tied to a specific type of soil and climate in the process of adaptation to the area.
• Individual. Developed by private order, in accordance with construction conditions and/or customer wishes. Decisions on structures, design, materials and communications are made for a specific project.
• Experimental - the basis for development is a new technology for using materials or structures, innovations in the field of communications, energy exchange. Based on a successfully implemented experimental project (construction methodology), a standard version of the structure can be developed in the future.

The best option for private development is to carry out a standard (adapted to the area) or individual project.

Goals and milestones

The goal of architectural and structural design is to obtain a complete package of documentation, graphic, text and calculations, sufficient for the construction of a building. The work is being carried out in stages.

Project assignment. This stage consists of two parts: the customer communicates the location of the site, his requirements for the appearance of the structure and the development of a design specification. It is compiled on the basis of information about the site, including permission for its development, and includes data on:

• construction site - size and shape of the estate, climate and geographical location, relief, soil type, groundwater occurrence;
• the functional purpose of the building, its size, number of floors, layout (location of premises);
• external appearance, taking into account decor and protective and finishing materials;
• required utilities (water supply, energy supply, wastewater disposal, ventilation, heating, etc.) and the possibilities of their supply to the building;
• allowable construction costs.

To obtain accurate data about the construction site, geodetic and geological surveys are carried out by the developer (designer) company or a third-party company on the basis of the customer’s instructions. The characteristics of the climate and location mean being in a seismically active zone, in an area with increased wind or sedimentation activity, humidity and other similar moments. All this affects the type of construction and work performed.

A technical (draft, rough) design is created based on the information received. Its main elements are architectural sketches of the building, simplified design solutions and a preliminary (enlarged) estimate taking into account the planned construction materials and technologies. The preliminary design must be agreed upon with the customer and the controlling urban planning organizations (in accordance with the legislative code), and changes are made if necessary. A necessary stage of technical design is obtaining permission to construct just such a building on a designated site and supplying utilities to it, including transport (roads).

Important: when constructing a structure in protected or resort areas, the possible harm of the construction to the environment is also agreed upon, taking into account accepted environmental standards.

Detailed draft – a refined set of documentation for the draft (technical) design. The development includes:

• Architecture – layout of premises, arrangement of windows and doors, development of external design of the building. At this stage, basic decisions are made on the use of building materials, type of foundation, wall thickness, and roof geometry.
• Structures – clarifying the shape and location of the building’s structural elements, calculating its strength and stability, technological methods of construction, checking compliance with building codes, decisions adopted in the architectural concept.
• Engineering communications, taking into account already developed architecture and structures.
• Economic justification - drawing up specifications for each set of working drawings and the final estimate for construction.

If the design company will build the building in the future, the estimate is carried out as accurately as possible. When calculating the cost of materials and work, transportation costs, intermediary services during purchasing, etc. are taken into account.

Structural section

It contains information about the structural components of the structure. It is presented in schematic form. The features of the foundation, floors and rafters are indicated here. Based on these diagrams, drawings of the structural elements of the structure are drawn and a list of building materials is attached, as well as a statement of their consumption.

Engineering section

Any object, regardless of its purpose, must have engineering systems. Among them are water supply and disposal, heating, electrical, etc. Thanks to communications, comfortable operation of the building is ensured. All equipment that needs to be connected to utility networks and its location are also mentioned here.

Examination and construction permit

If the necessary conditions in the preparation of project documentation are met, the customer applies to the executive body of local government to appoint an examination or obtain a construction permit.

A construction examination is carried out if the building has more than 3 floors or the area of ​​the building is more than 1500 m3. The compliance of the described characteristics with technical regulations is studied. The information must be consistent with engineering research.

A construction permit is issued if no violations are identified that could lead to the destruction of the structure and the creation of an emergency situation.

APs optimize work processes and organize construction work to build a facility that is visually attractive and safe to operate.

Engineering systems (IS)

If, in addition to the main sections that the house design necessarily includes, there is a section for engineering networks, it should contain the following parts:

1. general explanations for each of the life support systems, recommendations for installation and connection of devices;

2. diagram of water supply and sewerage systems - rationale for choice - individual or with connection to centralized systems, - floor plans;

3. heating diagram - justification for the installation of individual heating or connection to central networks, thermal engineering calculations;

4. specification of products, equipment, materials. (To be ordered separately for each project, at the customer’s request.)

Standard ICs have been developed for some projects; please check with the manager for their availability. Their cost is not included in the price of the AC project.

Examples:

What work is carried out during the creation of a planning project?

The cost of project development is also the sum of the main work and additional work. Planning during construction is a measure through which the locations of details such as windows, doors, rooms and more will be established.

An example of a developed house layout

Development of a territory planning project includes the following parameters:

1. Registration agreement for a facility under construction.
2. Layout of the main structures.
3. Layout of communication means.
4. Architectural and planning data.
5. Scheme of the boundaries of the facility under construction.

The development of a territory planning project also consists of a lot of documentation that the developer must have. Such materials include the following agreements:

• Territory planning projects.
• Information about the state of the territory, and what further development will be.
• Information data on assessments of urban development of the territory.

In this video you can see examples of developing a site plan for the construction of a private house using the Autodesk computer program

What activities relate to additional work to create a planning project?

In addition to the main work on developing a layout project, there are additional works that may sometimes be required during the construction of a residential building. Additional activities include the following:

If there are separate contracts, then additional work can be performed in the form of preparing assignments for the project, collecting the necessary information about the territory, measures to implement additional approvals, and much more.

As for the development of a private house construction project, this includes the following documentation:

1. Creation of communication projects (location of gas, water and electricity supply systems).
2. Creation of sewerage structure projects.
3. Decisions about the material of the building frame.
4. Availability of enclosing structures.
5. Initial facing materials and much more.

What is a design project and its development during the construction of a residential building

The design project of a residential building is a set of necessary documents at the request of the customer. Here documents are approved, which make it clear what the future structure will look like. The design project includes the following data:

• All stages of design development and search for the style of the future building.
• All kinds of layout variations.
• Documentation with the selected layout.
• Sketches, drawings.
• Layout of facing and other materials.
• Floor plan taking into account the layout of finishing materials.

The development of drawings for the construction of a residential building is not the main work in the development of the entire design project. In addition to drawing up basic drawings, there is a need for amendments and elaborations of the project. These actions can only be performed by the author of the design project. He also develops summary maps of finishing and air conditioning and ventilation schemes for residential buildings.

Today, the development of a design project is mainly carried out using specialized computer programs that can meet all technical parameters. Thanks to such programs, it has become much easier and more convenient to develop a design project for a residential building.

The cost of design when developing a project for the construction of a residential building in relation to utilities (namely, power supply, heating, ventilation, water disposal, smoke removal and others) may vary depending on the purpose of the volume of operation of the house under construction.

What is preliminary design

Sketch design is a specialized development of space-planning solutions. This development can also be used to work out the layout, façade, reference to the area and much more. Sketch design works out in detail all the moments during the construction of a residential building.

An example of a preliminary design of a private country mansion

To carry out preliminary design and its further development, civil engineers use a specialized program, which is a 3D visualization of the designed residential building. Thanks to such technologies, you can view all objects, as well as add the necessary new ones.

Currently, a huge number of companies are operating and are ready to provide such a service as developing a project for the construction of a residential building. Experienced civil engineers perform all necessary actions to achieve an excellent result. You should not save on developing a project for the construction of a residential building, since during construction the risk of incorrect actions by the builders increases.

Rules for drawing up an AR

Architectural solutions in project documentation are divided into two sections - graphic and text.
The graphic part contains:

• graphic display of the exterior, palette;
• a floor-by-floor drawing of all structures of the premises with an explanation of the symbols (applicable to objects not related to production);
• other graphic images at the request of the drafter of the technical specifications.

The text describes the following parameters:

• how natural lighting will be organized, in what volume it will be supplied, subject to the constant presence of people;
• design, palette;
• to ensure the safety of air transport flights, a layout of obstacle lights is drawn up (only for high-rise buildings);
• justification for the adopted style, the shape of the building, its appearance;
• description of measures to ensure isolation from sounds, vibrations, and other external factors;
• description with justification of artistic techniques that will be used for interior decoration and exterior;
• design of existing premises on the site.

The content can be expanded or contracted depending on the objectives. The maximum parameters for permitted construction must be observed.