Chechens and Ingush throughout the North Caucasus have long been famous as unsurpassed masters in construction.
Even in ancient times, the Vainakhs erected Cyclopean castles and towers made of stone in their native mountains.
In Soviet times, almost half of the collective farm buildings throughout the USSR were built by the hands of Chechen covens. After the war of the 90s, Chechens restored their destroyed homes with their own hands.
But even now a real construction boom begins in Chechnya every spring. I’ll say right away that Chechens don’t like to live in city apartments. They say it’s cramped for them, it’s unusual. The Chechens have an unwritten rule that a real man must build himself a large house - such that, if necessary, all close relatives (a couple of hundred people) can easily gather there.
During construction, Chechens follow the principle “my house is my fortress.” Every Chechen dwelling must certainly be hidden from prying eyes by a high brick fence. It is certainly built from red or peach colored bricks.
A Chechen house must certainly have a solid foundation. That's why Chechens laugh hard when they see on TV how Americans easily load their homes into the backs of trucks. You obviously can’t pull off such a trick with a Chechen house. The foundation here should go underground like a glass, be at least a meter deep. The Chechens reinforce the base of their home with a metal frame so that it can withstand a couple of floors.
The bay window, a part of the room protruding from the facade, is very popular among Chechens. The bay window was invented by German medieval architects, but for some unknown reason the Chechens really liked this element.
In a Chechen house, a large courtyard is required, always with a canopy - for lovzar (holiday, wedding), for performing zikr (a special Chechen Sufi prayer, reminiscent of a dance).
Building a Chechen house is a difficult and expensive task. It may take ten to fifteen years to build it. Chechen men spend their entire lives working in construction. Chechens spend all their vacations on construction sites, while people from other regions bask in the sun in Sochi and Turkey.
- “I’m not building it for myself, but for my children and grandchildren,” some Chechens say, hinting that they may not have time to live in the new house.
By the way, in the old days the Chechen tower had to be built in exactly 365 days. If the masters did not meet this deadline, no one would move into such a tower.
Let me note an interesting fact. Many Chechens do not have a specific house design, and they do not invite architects. However, the houses still turn out to be small castles, true masterpieces of private construction. The fact is that it is rare that any Chechen has never worked on a construction site and does not have mastery of construction skills.
Projects of one-story houses in Grozny
Projects of one-story houses in Grozny are applicable in cases where the size of the plot is sufficient to build a house on one level and allows all the necessary premises to be placed on the 1st floor.
One-story houses have simpler design solutions than two-story houses and houses with an attic, therefore, the cost of their design and construction is much lower, due to the absence of costs for arranging stairs, costs for thermal insulation, heating, etc.
Projects for one-story houses or cottages may include an attic, garage, ground floor or basement.
It is possible to build houses and cottages on one floor from almost any material: brick, aerated concrete blocks, permanent formwork, sip panels, wood, etc.
Mansions on the Bosphorus - luxury villas in Turkey for the richest
Mansions on the Bosphorus are the best real estate in Turkey. Plus, these luxury villas in Istanbul, called yali houses, cost more than the average person will earn in six lifetimes.
Their iconic status, which often sells for $50 million or more, attracts rich and powerful people from around the world who want to enter Turkey's elite social circles. Owning property on the shores of the Bosphorus is not only a sign of wealth and prestige, but also a great honor because many of them date back to the Ottoman era.
About mansions on the Bosphorus
Approximately 620 yali villas are located along the Bosphorus in areas such as Bebek, Ortakoy, Tarabya and Uskudar. Most of them were built in the 19th and 20th centuries, and, as was common in those days, architects designed them from wood. Each home is unique in its style and architectural type, and 320 homes are protected, requiring owners to obtain permission to renovate and upgrade.
In history, influential members of Ottoman society used them as summer retreats. These days, some operate as museums, hotels, and rental venues for events such as weddings. However, the interior decoration of private yali remains a mystery and now takes pride of place as the most expensive houses in Turkey.
Famous mansions and their national fame
Unfortunately, Amcazade Koprulu Huseiyn Pasha Yalisi, the oldest villa built in 1699, is just a shadow of its former glory. With 20 rooms and located in the Beykoz area, its wooden architecture was famous, but these days it looks run down and is in desperate need of modernization. In the Sariyer district of European Istanbul, the second oldest Serifler mansion dates back to 1782.
In the European region of Sariyer, the Erbilgin mansion achieved international fame when it was sold for €100 million in 2015. It was bought by Qatari businessman Abdulhadi Mana Al Hajri and was ranked fifth on the list of the most expensive houses in the world. The luxurious house of more than 5,000 square meters, built in the neo-Baroque style, has 64 rooms.
In April 2021, Hekimbasi Salih Effendi's mansion gained worldwide fame in dramatic style after a tanker crashed into it. The tanker's rudder was reported to be stuck, its front façade torn off and its top floor to collapse. No one was inside when the incident occurred, but the owners say the property's historic value has been destroyed and estimate restoration costs at US$50 million.
How to see the luxurious houses of the Bosphorus
Although closed for the immediate future, Hekimbasi is one of the few places that rents out space for events such as weddings, and the Sait Halem Pasha Mansion offers a unique Ottoman setting for all occasions, including conferences.
If you don't have an excuse to host a luxury event, Les Ottoman Hotel is a converted 18th-century Yali, like the 18th-century Fuat Pasha Yali, and they have also opened their bar and restaurant to the public.
The restored 19th-century Sadberk Hanim Museum is open to the public every day except Wednesday. The famous and wealthy Koç family, located in the Sariyer region, bought it in 1950. They used it as a summer retreat until 1978, when they turned it into a three-story museum. In 1983, they bought the yawl next door and carried out extensive restoration work to restore it to its former glory.
While these are great ways to see the Bosphorus mansion, we prefer the ferry ride from Eminonu Port. In addition to important waterfront properties, other attractions await you such as Dolmabahce Palace and Rumel Castle. By far, this is the best way to not only see Turkey's luxury homes, but also immerse yourself in the local culture.
Projects of two-story houses in Grozny
Projects of two-story houses are very popular in Grozny and are an excellent alternative if the area of the building site does not allow the construction of a one-story house of the desired size.
Houses with two floors are the best option in terms of price/quality ratio in dense urban areas. Two-story houses, as a rule, have a larger area, which gives more opportunities for zoning the internal space.
Projects of two-level houses and two-story cottages may include an attic floor, a terrace, a garage or a basement. It is possible to build two-story houses from almost any material.
Where can you see traditional Turkish houses?
The external features of these houses make them instantly recognizable. Constructed of stone below and wood above, large windows let in plenty of natural light. Wealthier members of society built a separate area to accommodate men and women, but otherwise the central room doubled in size for many purposes.
Mattresses taken out of the closet at night were removed in the morning to turn the "bedroom" into a "living room" and so on. Luckily, many places in Turkey still have this type of housing, including Safranbolu, Amasya, Beypazari and the UNESCO World Heritage Village of Cumalikizyk. Otherwise, take a tour of Istanbul's famous wooden houses.
The central Anatolian region of Turkey called Cappadocia is quite unique in its style of housing. Throughout history, instead of creating something from natural resources, they created it. So they built houses from tuff stones scattered across the surreal landscape.
Most areas of central Cappadocia are under protected status, and anyone purchasing a traditional cave house for restoration must adhere to certain conservation rules. If you want to take a look inside the modern version, stay at the cave hotel, which is a common theme throughout the area.
Projects of houses with an attic in Grozny
Projects of houses with an attic are very popular in Grozny and are an excellent and cheaper alternative to a two-story house, due to the use of simpler design solutions and lower cost of repair and finishing work.
The design of a house with an attic floor allows you to save the building area of a land plot, while significantly increasing the usable area of the house, which distinguishes an attic house from buildings with an attic.
Houses and cottages with an attic can include a garage or a basement and can be built using any construction technology, from virtually any building materials.
Modern European style
This concept includes not so much a specific architectural style as a certain set of criteria. Strictly speaking, all trends that emerged after Art Nouveau belong to the new era: constructivism, minimalism, hi-tech, art deco. In their pure form, modern European architects rarely use them for the construction of residential buildings.
We can identify common external features that distinguish the best European houses:
- pragmatism, architectural “simplification”, no frills in facade decoration;
- simple rectangular shape, with a flat or low gable roof;
- there are no obvious signs of historical styles in the design (Baroque, Empire style);
- tendency to reduce the number of storeys, horizontal forms, asymmetry of appearance;
- large balconies, panoramic glazing, terraces and built-in garages;
- natural or imitating external and internal finishing materials.
But the most important thing in European houses is a comfortable layout for living, the presence of modern engineering solutions in terms of energy saving and ecology.
Projects of houses with a garage in Grozny
Projects of houses with a garage are the most common option in Grozny, since the construction of a detached garage sometimes becomes impossible due to the limited area of the site or terrain features.
Having a car today is an integral part of every family. Projects of houses and cottages with a garage located next to the house and built into its side wall make it possible to reduce the energy losses of the house, save building area and reduce the cost of building a detached garage.
Architecture of the 21st century: how to create your dream home and avoid mistakes
December 5, 17:52
Partnership project
This material is also available in Ukrainian
Villa Apis, Oleksienko Architects
Building a house is a long and complex process in which it is impossible to do without the help of specialists from various fields. Previously, in partnership with Vitoris, we reviewed key trends in modern architecture and expert opinions on the construction of comfortable homes. Now it’s worth talking about how such examples are brought to life.
Everyone wants to find their dream home, but not everyone knows how to do it right. Some users often resort to ready-made solutions, but in the end they are still dissatisfied with the result.
Experts from the famous Ukrainian architectural studio Oleksienko Architects talk about why you shouldn’t hesitate to contact specialists at the very early stages of planning a house, using the example of one of their latest completed projects.
Dream home from scratch - myth or reality?
One of Oleksienko Architects’ clients did not immediately contact them. Before that, he was considering buying a ready-made house. But each of the ready-made options offered to him was missing something, so it was decided to order an individual project from professionals.
“You can live in ready-made houses, but you will never know what is different about living in your own home, created exclusively for your needs and interests. Even when you are visiting a house based on an individual project, you will only be able to appreciate how well someone is living, but not you,” says architect Natalia Oleksienko, head of the Oleksienko Architects architectural studio.
Photo: Villa Apis, Oleksienko Architekts
According to her, individuality always strives to satisfy differences from other people, and dissatisfaction with life always does not bring anything good.
The client of Oleksienko Architects did not want to accept a life of compromise and choose one of the unsuitable ready-made houses. After a series of inquiries to various construction companies, he came across an interview with the architect Natalia Oleksienko and looked at examples of houses implemented according to her designs.
“It became obvious to me that I needed to start this path by finding the right architect,” said the customer Oleksienko Architects.
This architectural studio believes that a house should be approached as a living instrument of interaction, and architecture as a cinema. “Architecture can and should evoke the effect of constantly changing states and impressions, without becoming outdated. A house is not a fortress, even if in a modern style, but an inexhaustible source of inspiration and new ideas,” says Natalia Oleksienko.
The head of Oleksienko Architects is convinced that the construction of a house should begin not with determining the number of storeys, number of rooms, garages, types of materials and design styles, but with the choice of an architect.
Photo: Villa Apis, Oleksienko Architekts
The task of a professional architect is to determine not only what the client needs, but also what will captivate and inspire him in the future. It is important to strike the perfect balance between his interests, hobbies, tastes and preferences and give a realistic proposal on how all this can be brought to life.
Villa Apis project
Communicating with the customer, the studio’s architects already at the first stage helped the client determine the capabilities of the chosen site: is the site wide enough for the future house, what to do with retaining walls, taking into account the topography, how to make the house invisible from the road, and more.
The site for the future home is located on a picturesque slope and borders on a park on several sides. It was the topography of the site and the surrounding tree crowns that formed the basis for the architecture and design concept of the Villa Apis project.
Photo: Villa Apis, Oleksienko Architekts
“The steep slope with a drop of 11 meters, of course, presented us with a number of complex engineering and design challenges. But as an architect, I first of all saw this as an opportunity to implement a unique architectural idea,” says Natalia Oleksienko.
The complex project of Villa Apis included the development of facade architecture, interior design of the house and landscape design of the surrounding area. The high level of project implementation was made possible thanks to the creative formula of Oleksienko Architects, which takes into account:
- and the surrounding context, and the orientation of the site to the cardinal points, and the nature of the relief;
- everything related to the future inhabitants of the house: family composition, their interests, hobbies, preferences, habits, areas of activity, tastes, traditions;
- author's style of the architect;
- principles of sustainable architecture.
“The elongated geometry of the site and the sloping topography determined the dynamic elongated shape of the house, its number of floors and non-standard layout. Panoramic glazing, pointed bay windows and balconies are dictated by the desire not to miss a single beautiful view and ray of sunshine. The material and color of the facade are in tune with the natural environment and atmosphere of the area where the site is located,” explained Oleksienko Architects.
Photo: Villa Apis, Oleksienko Architekts
The uniqueness of the object is given by the author's architectural style, which reflects the features of each member of the customer's family.
The design and functional features of the house are developed taking into account the variety of life scenarios and maximum disclosure of individuality.
Photo: Villa Apis, Oleksienko Architekts
“We always set ambitious goals for ourselves - a house should give its inhabitants maximum pleasure from living in it. In the process of working on Villa Apis, it was necessary to find a balance between openness and security, design and the surrounding nature. We needed bold, non-standard and at the same time verified solutions,” continues Natalia Oleksienko. “One of these solutions was glazing using panoramic windows and sliding systems to the floor. Many architectural plans were realized only thanks to high-tech and high-quality window systems from Vitoris.”
The last word in glazing
All windows in the Villa Apis house have a different configuration, viewing direction, height, etc. The task of some windows is to erase the boundaries between the interior and the landscape, while others emphasize privacy. There are six-meter verticals and seven-meter horizontals, and sliding and large-sized window systems made from Reynaers aluminum profiles for the entire span, and windows with internal and external, movable and stationary blinds, and the use of double-glazed windows with energy-saving Guardian Glass ensured maximum penetration of sunlight into rooms without heating them.
Photo: Villa Apis, Oleksienko Architekts
“An architect’s ideas can be very cool, but their implementation is not always possible due to the lack of suitable technologies. With window systems, Vitoris manages to combine the most daring architectural ideas and functionality in the best balance,” says architect Natalia Oleksienko.
According to Oleksienko Architects specialists, the customer’s family is distinguished by its versatility of interests and hobbies - art, literature, music, science, technology. “They are foodies. Good wines are appreciated. Lead an active and healthy lifestyle. The spouses have separate businesses, which increasingly require management from home. The whole family loves to get together and appreciates live communication among close friends,” the workshop said.
All this is reflected in the architecture, design and layout of Villa Apis, where the needs and preferences of each resident were taken into account, and areas of attraction for joint relaxation and communication were provided.
In this house, everyone has their own bedroom with its own bathroom, wardrobe, chill-out balcony, bay window or terrace. A spacious living room with a panoramic bay window and an interior fireplace borders the kitchen and dining room with access to an outdoor dining terrace, flowing into a lounge area with a huge outdoor fireplace, an outdoor shower and a pond with a rocky bottom for walking barefoot on a hot summer day.
Photo: Villa Apis, Oleksienko Architekts
Among other things: a home theater, a mini-office, a guest bedroom, a wine cellar, a sauna, a laundry room, 5 storage rooms, a server room, a furnace room, a garage for 2 cars, by the way, also with a panoramic corner window, and a whole flat roof for everything your heart desires. The villa itself was surrounded by a garden of more than 70 species of plants, a walking alley with places for privacy and observation capsules.
The façade of the building deserves special attention. The main mass of the facade is made of thin horizontal slats. The slats enhance the dynamics of the façade, and their length creates the impression of infinity. Due to the play of light and shadow, the slatted structure gives the entire house a feeling of weightlessness. The warm shade of heat-treated larch sets off the laconic forms of modern architecture.
Photo: Villa Apis, Oleksienko Architekts
The Villa Apis project is also equipped with the latest technological solutions for managing indoor climate, lighting, water supply, security systems and household appliances. The complex is controlled from a smartphone, regardless of the location of the residents of the house. Moreover, all this can work both completely autonomously and in mixed modes of resource consumption, with maximum savings and respect for the environment.
Is the customer satisfied?
“Villa Apis is like a comfortable ocean liner with the highest level of comfort and aesthetics. The house seems to cut through the sea of greenery with its characteristic architecture. Its length, multi-level nature, elegance and at the same time monumentality create the feeling of a self-sufficient ship, capable of providing me and my family with absolutely everything we desire. It’s convenient to live here, explore, create, chill, feeling protected and happy with your family and friends,” said the client of Oleksienko Architects, the owner of Villa Apis.
Photo: Villa Apis, Oleksienko Architekts
The architectural studio calls its project a portrait of the customer’s entire family and each of its members individually. “But it was not painted in oil or watercolor, but in architecture and design,” sums up Natalia Oleksienko.
Object passport: Name: Villa Apis Project author: architect Natalia Oleksienko Workshop: Oleksienko Architekts Function: single-family residential building Status: completed Year of implementation: 2021 House area: 300 sq.m. Area of utility block with garage: 150 sq.m. Plot area: 0.0982 ha Location: Kyiv, Ukraine
Website: oleksienko.uaInstagram: oleksienko_architects
Photo: Andrey Avdeenko, Ivan Avdeenko
Why do developers choose two-story houses?
Residential buildings with two floors are so in demand for the following reasons:
- the layout of a full floor gives more opportunities - there is no need to play with beveled corners, rack your brains over the arrangement of furniture, etc.;
- houses with two floors can be harmoniously complemented by such functional elements as a garage, bathhouse, terrace, etc.;
- two-story houses are already clearly zoned - the second floor is intended for bedrooms and offices, and the first floor is for the kitchen, living room, utility rooms, etc.;
- The living area on the second floor is larger than that of the attic, so you get more open space.
We deliver finished projects throughout the country, including Grozny. You just need to place an order on our website, and your project will be delivered directly to your hands in the shortest possible time!
Houses on the Yayla plateau
Villages at high altitudes in northeastern Turkey have a unique housing style. In other areas of Turkey, residential buildings were built close together, but in the Kakkar Mountains they are scattered haphazardly along the hillsides. This is because the hilly terrain meant that only a few areas were practical for a durable structure to withstand extreme winter weather.
Resourceful locals also built their bedrooms above the animal storage areas because they would be hot. On the higher plateaus, local residents still use these houses, and their remote location means that modern features such as internet and telephone services are absent.
How much living space does a family need in a house?
Tired of crowding around in a cramped apartment, I want to live in a country house with some space. So that there is enough space for everyone. But really, how much of it is needed, this living space, so as not to feel cramped, but also not to spend whole days cleaning it if you clean it yourself, or a fortune if hired workers clean it.
Life shows that for a family of four, a useful area of 80-110 square meters is quite enough. It’s definitely not worth building less, but you can add as much as you want, as long as you have the money and time to maintain and clean the palace.
Ideal layout rules
In order for a new house to meet the expectations of all household members and make a favorable impression on guests, you should adhere to certain rules when designing it, especially if you yourself are thinking about the future arrangement of the rooms. We invite you to familiarize yourself with the most useful recommendations that will help you develop a competent plan.
1. The most suitable shape for any room is square, and the acceptable width of the room is 3 m. A rectangular shape is also allowed, but provided that the aspect ratio of 3:4 is maintained. Long and narrow living rooms will be inconvenient for comfortable living and will make it difficult to place furniture appropriately. Example of a house plan with square rooms:
2. For small houses, an excellent solution would be to combine the hallway with the living room.
You can attach a small vestibule in front of the entrance - this will allow you to avoid large numbers of insects entering the house in summer, and cold in winter. Look at an interesting solution for a narrow Bavaria frame house.
3. The hallway should be of such a size that 3-4 people simultaneously on its territory feel comfortable and free. An example of the layout of a house with an entrance hall (vestibule) with an area of 7 m2:
4. Access to the technical premises should be planned from the street, and it is desirable that the door opens outward (see plan above).
5. When considering the design of your future home, you should consider the features of daylighting. Design the layout of the rooms relative to the position of the sun. There should be enough natural light to move around the house during the day. This will save on electricity. Also, keep in mind that the light should fall on the desktop for left-handed people from the right side, and for right-handed people - from the left. Example of a daylight irradiance map:
If you make a mistake with this point, reconstruction will help.
6. You should not save on the space of the bathroom and kitchen, otherwise being in them will cause discomfort. The kitchen should be located taking into account plumbing communications, closer to the bathroom. It is also necessary to think about a good ventilation system in advance. An example of the correct location of bathrooms and kitchens in a two-story house:
Pay attention to the option of locating the plumbing riser in the center of the house - this way you can change the layout frequently and radically, add bathrooms and wet points without additional risers and a large number of pipes. The premises will look very modern.
7. The parent's bedroom should be spacious. As a rule, it provides for a dressing room, a private bathroom, an equipped place to work, a place for a TV and, if necessary, a computer. If the house is small, the dressing room can be replaced with a wardrobe.
8. It is best to provide a separate room for each child, especially if there is a big age difference between them or they are of different genders.
9. It is worth reducing the number of corridors, since they take up useful space, which may not be enough in a house with small dimensions. In addition, the fewer there are, the more convenient it will be to move around the house. An example of a house layout with a minimum number of corridors:
10. It is necessary to provide a ventilation system not only in the kitchen, but also in the bathroom and toilet. This is a must for modern homes.
11. Bedrooms should be located separately from other rooms, especially noisy ones. It is best to position the windows so that they face east. This will make the room bright and avoid overheating in the summer.
12. If you need to install a staircase in a small room, it is better to opt for a multi-span or spiral design.
For mini-houses and country houses, a regular ladder may be suitable.
13. It is best to plan a pantry for food supplies, canned food and kitchen equipment near the kitchen.
The most suitable places for a dressing room are the bedroom or the hall/living room.
14. In order for family members to feel cozy and comfortable in the house, it is necessary to provide each of them with a sleeping place and at the same time a working place where they can be alone. This can be either an isolated area or a separate room. In addition, you should definitely provide a place for a common room in which household members can gather and communicate.
15. If you plan to build an open or closed veranda, terrace or attic, when choosing a place for them, you should take into account that they are located on the sunny side and are protected from the wind. Only compliance with these conditions will ensure a comfortable stay at any time of the year. An example of the layout of a house with a terrace and veranda:
16. It is advisable to think in advance about the location of bulky and obligatory furniture. This will allow you to rationally use the space of the rooms and calculate their optimal size.
17. The most suitable height of standard ceilings is 3 m. Too low ones cause a feeling of compressed space and many may feel uncomfortable and constrained. A room with high ceilings will require greater construction and furnishing costs, and will also increase the cost of heating. Loft ceilings under the roof are now becoming popular, the fashion for which was introduced by barnhouses.
18. There are two ways to draw up a plan for a cozy “family nest”.
First: determine the optimal size of the house relative to the area of the land and fill the interior space with various rooms.
Second: first decide which rooms will be located in the house, and then, based on their shape, size and location, draw the boundaries of the residential building.
You can draw a preliminary sketch yourself using the computer-aided design and drawing system AutoCAD.
Third: among ready-made house designs, find “the one” that suits you, or one that you generally like, but requires minor changes. We recommend it. 19. For a small plot of land, it is advisable to develop a project for a two-story (or 1st floor + attic) house. Downstairs there are usually common and utility areas (living room, dining room, kitchen, boiler room, laundry room), and upstairs there is a private bedroom area. Check out the Vaala house project.
General information
Most often, Dagestan stones are used in construction, and this is not surprising, since the climate allows this to be done. Every self-respecting Dagestani and Chechen is obliged to build a huge and beautiful house, but it often takes many years to build luxurious housing. During such a time, all acquaintances and friends support the families, and also help in any way they can. Regardless of how many rooms and floors are included in the design of a house in Dagestan, the building must be surrounded by a fence made of bricks. Quite often a bay window is used in construction, and such an architectural element was very popular among the mountaineers, who built very beautiful and durable arrow-shaped towers in the mountains.
Guest accommodation
Chechens have become famous throughout the world for being very hospitable. For this reason, they will make a shed on the site with a separate small house for guests. In such a place the whole family can gather in the summer, and rituals and holidays are also held there.
Material for construction
If the bay window is the main facade element, then yellow bricks are a popular building material.
Please note that experts say that red bricks are no longer fashionable, and after a while they were replaced with yellow ones.
As for the base, the Chechens try to make it highly durable, and the depth is at least 1 meter. They make something like the stem of a glass in the ground. The structure is necessarily protected by a metal frame and can support several floors. Building a house is not just a long, but also an expensive process, and long-term construction sometimes lasts up to 15 years, and also requires large investments. Houses in Chechnya are beautiful, similar to fairy-tale castles, and their minimum cost is from 20 million rubles. Only very wealthy people can buy such ready-made housing. If you want to see luxurious castles, look at the houses that are being built in Chechnya and Dagestan. Luxurious finishes, original design, modest details - this combines well. But the most important thing is that the price of mansions is extremely high.
