What is a single-family residential building?

By law, a residential building is an individual building that consists of rooms. As well as auxiliary premises intended to satisfy citizens’ household and other needs. Related to their residence in such a building. But let's figure out what a residential building is in reality and in simple words.

Multi-apartment residential building or single-apartment residential building, what is the difference?

Currently, the State’s actions to restore order in the field of urban planning, in particular, to demolish multi-apartment residential buildings built on plots intended for individual housing construction (so-called individual housing construction), have caused a great public outcry.
Since for residential buildings with an area of up to 1,500 m2 and up to three floors, it is not necessary to undergo an examination of design documentation, it is difficult to establish at the design stage what kind of building - an apartment building or a single-apartment building - will be built. At the same time, it must be taken into account that this issue also cannot be left to chance, since an individual residential building located in an area of individual residential development has its own requirements, including for energy supply, sewerage drainage, water supply, provision of social and cultural institutions (children’s gardens, schools, etc.), organization of entrances, landscaping, etc. If a multi-apartment residential building is being built in an area intended for individual housing construction, then upon settlement there will immediately arise problems with parking, access roads, electricity supply, water supply, sewage disposal, provision of kindergartens, schools, hospitals and clinics, since with individual residential development, the planned load, and therefore the provision of the territory with socio-cultural institutions (kindergartens, schools, etc.) is lower.

However, it is no secret that sometimes the desire to restore order turns into abuse and persecution of bona fide owners of individual residential buildings. So, for example, if the house was conceived as a house with a large number of individual bedrooms, equipped with their own sanitary facilities, for each family member or for a large number of relatives, then a suspicion may always be born whether you have built an apartment building?

This article was written to clarify this issue.

When classifying a residential building as a single-apartment individual residential building or multi-apartment residential building, it is necessary to take into account the following provisions contained in the regulatory and technical documents. Below are the main ones:

According to SNiP 01/31/2003 Residential multi-apartment buildings

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

1 Building, plot

1.1 Multi-apartment residential building including:

A residential building in which apartments have common non-apartment premises and utility systems

Thus, an apartment building consists of apartments that meet the requirements in accordance with SNiP 31-01-2003 Residential multi-apartment buildings Apartments must also comply with the requirements of SP 31-107-2004 “Architectural and planning solutions for multi-apartment residential buildings”.

When determining whether your house is single-apartment, it is necessary to take into account the requirements for it in accordance with SNiP 31-02-2001 “Single-apartment residential houses”:

"1 AREA OF USE

These rules and regulations apply to newly built and reconstructed single-apartment residential buildings intended for permanent residence of people (hereinafter referred to as houses), and establish requirements for their safety and other operational characteristics, mandatory for compliance by all legal entities and individuals carrying out the design and construction of houses .

These standards also apply to blocked houses, the residential blocks of which are autonomous and are considered as separate single-apartment houses if they:

do not have premises located above the premises of other residential blocks;
do not have common entrances, auxiliary premises, attics, underground spaces, or communication shafts;
have independent heating and ventilation systems, as well as individual inputs and connections to external networks of centralized engineering systems.

Blocked houses that do not meet these conditions are designed and built in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 31-01.

When designing and constructing houses in accordance with these rules and regulations, the provisions of other more general rules and regulations that apply to single-family residential buildings must also be applied, unless they contradict the requirements of this document.

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

1.1 Single-apartment residential house

(Detached single-family house)

A house intended for permanent cohabitation of one family and people related to it by family ties or other close relationships

1.2 Blocked residential house

Note - This document applies to block houses consisting of two or more autonomous residential blocks attached to each other, each of which has direct access to the apartment area

Thus, based on SNiP 31-02-2001 “Single-apartment residential houses”

“Single-family house (Detached single-family house) - A house intended for permanent joint residence of one family and people related to it by family ties or other close relationships.”

Therefore, if during an inspection of a residential building it is determined whether it is individual and, if it is established that it does not consist of several autonomous blocks and is not interlocked , and is not multi-apartment, in accordance with SNiP 31-01-2003 “Residential multi-apartment buildings " , then thus, if from the premises of a residential building in the region, it is impossible to allocate premises for the organization of autonomous blocks and individual apartments that would meet the mandatory requirements for SNiP 31-01-2003 “Residential multi-apartment buildings”, then the house is individual, autonomous and intended for residence of one family and people associated with it by family ties or other close relationships, in accordance with the provisions of SNiP 31-02-2001 “Single-apartment residential buildings”, SNiP 31-01-2003 “Residential multi-apartment buildings”, SP 31-107- 2004 “Architectural and planning solutions for multi-apartment residential buildings” .

We recommend that you engage an appropriate expert organization to accurately determine whether a particular building is a multi-apartment residential building or a single-apartment residential building and what the difference is.

You can ask your question to the experts on the website of the International Agency for Construction Expertise and Assessment “Independence”.

According to SP 1.13130.2020 Fire protection systems. Evacuation routes and exits:

6.2. Single-family, including blocked residential buildings

6.2.1. Each house (residential block) must have at least one emergency exit directly to the outside, including to a type 3 staircase. Separate emergency exits must also have public premises associated with the individual business activities of the residents of the house.

It is allowed to provide emergency exits from the specified premises of the basement and ground floors through the floor located above, which has an exit directly to the outside. In this case, such a room must be additionally equipped with an emergency exit leading directly outside from the premises with a clean floor level of at least 4.5 meters through a window or door measuring at least 0.75 x 1.5 meters or through a hatch measuring at least 0.6 x 0.8 meters. In this case, the exit through the pit must be equipped with a ladder in the pit, and the exit through the hatch must be equipped with a ladder in the room. The slope of these stairs is not standardized.

The exit from the basement to the first floor must be equipped with a fire-resistant door with a fire resistance rating of at least EI 30 in a smoke-gas-tight design. Said door should not open into the bedroom.

6.2.2. In houses with a height of no more than two floors, it is allowed to use internal open stairs (type 2), as well as spiral staircases and stairs with winder steps for evacuation. The fire resistance limit and fire hazard class of staircase elements, as well as its width and slope, are not standardized.

6.2.3. In houses with a height of 3 floors, open internal staircases, as a rule, can be classified as evacuation staircases if, in order to exit them outside, one must ascend or descend no more than one level (floor).

It is allowed to classify open internal staircases as evacuation stairs if in order to exit from the top floor to the outside it is necessary to go down two levels (floors) only if the following conditions are simultaneously met:

a) each room that can be used for sleeping must have at least one window located at a height of no more than 1 m above floor level;

b) these premises must have access directly to the corridor or hall with access to the balcony;

c) the height of the said windows and balcony above ground level should be no more than 7 m.

6.2.4. When constructing a staircase in three-story buildings, it is allowed to place an entrance vestibule and floor-by-floor halls within its volume.

6.2.5. Houses and residential blocks with a height of 4 floors must have emergency exits from each floor to a staircase or to a type 3 staircase. Exits from the first floor may be provided directly to the outside.

Isolation of an individual residential building

This criterion characterizes the house as a separate building. This is one of the differences between an individual residential building

on the one hand, from blocked houses (apartments are located in blocks), on the other hand, from multi-level apartments in multi-apartment buildings.

From all of the listed types of houses, an individual residential building

has the following type of differences: all load-bearing structures are intended only for it and are, as it were, the personal property of a particular building; it stands on its own foundation and has walls dedicated only to it.

Single-apartment residential house

Chapter 8. Renting residential real estate The main difference between the Russian rental market and the European one is the absence of any legislative regulation. For example, in Germany the maximum permissible rental rates are established annually; in the Czech Republic, rental agreements

The oldest residential building Paris itself is no less than 1650 years old (the place of Lutetia, founded on the Ile de la Cité in the 3rd century BC, was renamed Paris), and this house is more than 600 years old! In the archives it is listed as built by Nicolas Flanel in 1407. This Mr. Flannel

Purpose of an individual residential building

The difference between an individual residential building

from others in that it is a residential building, and even an individual one. This means that only one family lives in it.

According to the Housing Code, a house is assigned a residential designation if the building has residential and additional premises that have an auxiliary function. All these premises are intended to satisfy household or other needs that are directly related to living only in this house.

According to the Fire Regulations in force from 01/01/2021 to post. No. 1479

clause 2. If a fire or signs of combustion are detected in a building or premises (smoke, burning smell, increased air temperature, etc.), officials, individual entrepreneurs, citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens, stateless persons (hereinafter referred to as individuals) must:

immediately report this by phone to the fire department, indicating the name of the object of protection, the address of its location, the location of the fire, as well as the name of the person reporting the information;
take measures to evacuate people, and, provided there is no threat to the life and health of people, take measures to extinguish the fire in the initial stage.

clause 86. …. Extensions and cabinets for gas cylinders must be locked and have shutters for ventilation, as well as a warning sign “Flammable. Gas".

A fire safety warning sign with the inscription “Flammable. Gas cylinders."

Number of floors of an individual residential building

This factor in determining an individual residential building

, probably the most controversial. It has always evoked so many different opinions that it is difficult to come to a single definition.

Status of “ individual residential building”

» the house is received only if it has no more than three floors. It’s worth clearing right away that these three floors include both the ground floor and the attic. But there is a lot of information according to which the basement floor, under certain circumstances, is not a floor that is not considered when determining the number of storeys of a house. According to building codes, this is indeed true, but for obtaining a cadastral passport and registering the housing stock, this is considered correct.

According to the law, which was reflected in the letter of Rosnedvizhimost dated August 27, 2008 No. AM/1567, the number of floors in an individual residential building

determined by the number of floors that are above ground. The basement floor is above ground, and if the top of its ceiling is located at least 2 meters above the ground level according to the plan, it must be taken into account when determining the number of floors of the house.

Modern cottage construction practice shows that the top of the basement floor is above the ground, usually lower than two meters. That is why today the ground floor is most often not taken into account when calculating the number of storeys of a house, since it is not an above-ground floor.

But if you carefully read the articles of the Town Planning Code regulating this moment, which describe the definition of an individual residential building

, then you can see that there is no mention anywhere that the three floors are only above-ground floors. That is, it is not specifically reflected which floors need to be taken into account. This is where most of the controversial issues regarding determining the number of storeys of a house arise, since this statement does not comply with the Town Planning Code.

In addition, in paragraph 4.7 of SP 55.13330.2011 “Single-apartment residential buildings” there is a mention of the rules for calculating the total area of the premises, specifically that they are prescribed in SP 54.13330 (“Residential multi-apartment buildings”). There are no discrepancies with the Town Planning Code in this document. That is, when calculating the area and number of floors in an individual residential building

All floors and premises are taken into account: underground, above-ground, basement, technical, attic and other types.

Lawsuits in this matter almost 100% confirm the legality of the above rules and regulations of the Town Planning Code, and the ground floor is included in the number of common floors of the house.

Thus, we can conclude that if a developer builds a two-story house, but with an attic and a basement, the house will be considered four floors. It cannot be classified as an individual residential building

. Thus, the owner of the house violates the prescribed rules regarding the direct purpose of the land plot intended for individual construction.

If you are interested in information about the construction of a turnkey cottage and want to know how much it will cost? In this case, you can consult with our specialists by phone or e-mail, or leave a request on our website to calculate the cost of building a cottage in Moscow and St. Petersburg.

Installation of a residential building and heating box

After the foundation is built, the box of the house is raised on it. Or they bring and assemble a ready-made prefabricated frame house structure. It is a constructor. Which was prepared in advance in production and sold as a set of building materials to the customer. Then a trained construction team will assemble this kit at the customer’s site in a matter of days. By installing the house and securing the house on a prepared and pre-built foundation.

The construction of a frame house or a house made of SIP panels now takes no more than a month. And this is “turnkey”, that is, the house will be completely built from scratch. Together with the installation of heating pipes around the house or the installation of convectors.

A small house can be heated with electricity. Energy-saving convectors heat the house very economically in winter. And heating costs in the cold months are no more than 5,000 - 6,000 rubles. Which is approximately equal to the payment for utilities in a 2-room apartment.

Then everything will depend on the area of the house itself. And on what constant temperature is maintained in it. If there is a child in the house, then there is no escape and you will have to heat it hard. And if the owners are adults, then they can get by with a standard 20 degree temperature.

It is very profitable to heat a house with a heated floor system, which evenly distributes heat throughout the entire residential building. But this system is not durable. On average it lasts 10 - 12 years. Although it happens that it works longer. It depends on your luck here.

If the house is poorly insulated, then no matter how much you heat it, all the heat will come out into the cracks in the corners of the house. By creating condensation in these places, which will contribute to the rotting of the wood.

To prevent this from happening. During construction, a special membrane is used. This is a fabric that serves as a vapor barrier. If the insulation layer and vapor barrier are not damaged, then the heat in the residential building will be well retained. And heating costs will be minimal.

After building a house, it is very easy to identify those corners and crevices in the walls. Through which heat escapes, using a special device - a thermal imager. Which will show the degree of freezing and the place where heat escapes from the house to the street.

This device is quite expensive and it is easier to order this service from a specialist. Why buy the device itself without professionally building residential buildings? After all, it is not known when the device will be needed next.

What buildings are multi-apartment buildings according to the law?

The method of maintenance, rights and obligations of the owners of apartments located in the building depend on the status of the building.
What kind of house is considered an apartment building according to the Housing Code? A multi-apartment building is considered to be a building that contains two or more apartments.

It has a separate exit to common areas, as well as a common area of land adjacent to the apartment building.

What is the difference between a residential building and a residential premises

A residential building as an object of housing law may consist of apartments (in an apartment building) and rooms. According to current sanitary and hygienic rules, such real estate is of two types: multi-apartment and single-apartment. The difference between them lies in the number of owners and the presence of common property.

According to Art. 15 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, residential premises are recognized as isolated premises, which are real estate and are suitable for permanent residence of citizens, that is, they comply with established sanitary and technical rules and standards (fire safety, urban planning and technical). The key definition of residential premises is the possibility of permanent residence, and not temporary. However, such real estate can also be provided for temporary use.

Housing Code

According to the Housing Code, the concept of an apartment building is a building of various layouts, number of floors and shapes. Management of apartment buildings is carried out according to the law, on the basis of an agreement.

In paragraph 1, art.
36 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, MKD is considered as real estate that is in common shared ownership. In addition to square meters, the owners own the land plot on which the house, engineering structures, and roofs are built. This also includes premises that:

do not belong to apartments and are in common use (attics, basements, staircases, elevators);
are intended for holding events for home owners.

Who is the owner of an apartment building? The owners of the apartment building are the owners of the apartments located in this building.

According to paragraph 1, art. 37 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the share of ownership of common property is proportional to the area owned by the owner of the apartment.

Types of MKD

Many people are interested in which buildings are considered apartment buildings in 2020. Such a building structure can be classified according to several criteria.

By purpose:

houses for permanent residence;
hostels for permanent or temporary residence.

According to construction materials:

panel;
brick;
monolithic;
mixed type.

The lifespan of the house depends on the materials. Panel buildings last 100-120 years, and brick and monolithic ones - up to 150 years.

By number of floors:

low-rise – up to 2 floors;
medium-rise – from 3 to 5 floors;
multi-storey - more than 6 floors;
high-rise buildings – 11-16;
high-rise - more than 16 floors.

By structure:

bellhops;
sectional;
blocked;
gallery;
mixed type.

By number of apartments:

Difference between a Residential Building and a Single-Apartment House

1. the possibility of evacuating people, regardless of their age and physical condition, outside to the territory adjacent to the building before there is a threat to their life and health due to exposure to dangerous fire factors;

In the premises, the walls are plastered with cement-sand mortar in a ratio of 1:4. After the plaster has dried, drying oil is applied to the surface twice. Now the wall is ready to apply putty. After the first time of puttying, the surface is rubbed with sandpaper. The process is repeated.

27 Jul 2021 jurist7sib 160

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Requirements for MKD

The basic requirements are specified in SNiP 31-01-2003, the regulations apply to:

building location;
altitude;
bearing structures;
apartments and common areas;
internal communications;
activities of organizations located in commercial premises of apartment buildings.

This document does not apply to mobile buildings and blocked buildings . According to Art. 49 of the Town Planning Code, a blocked building is a building of up to 3 floors, which consists of separate blocks, intended for the residence of several families.

Such a building has common walls between blocks without openings and a separate exit from each apartment to a common area.

Single-family house

single-apartment residential building - [GOST R 51628 2000] Classification single-apartment residential building cottage rural residential building country house [GOST R 51628 2000] Subjects of buildings, structures, premises ... Technical Translator's Guide

A single-apartment residential building (cottage) is an individual residential building intended for living by one family and having an adjoining plot. Source: MGSN 3.01 01: Residential buildings in Moscow ... Dictionary of terms of normative and technical documentation

Features of apartment buildings

MKDs differ from other residential buildings and have their own characteristics . Apartment buildings can be point or extended, depending on their height and length. There may be several entrances with a separate entrance. The height of dotted buildings is higher than their length; they often have one entrance.

MKD is divided into:

Sectional. The house consists of entrances and sections, each of which has its own staircase. On the floors there is a landing from which people enter the apartments.
Bellhops. Several staircases lead to a common corridor. The apartments can be accessed through an internal corridor.
Gallery. Around the house or along one side of the building there is a gallery from where you can enter the apartments. There is usually only one staircase.

Design of a residential single-apartment building (page

On the ground floor of the house there is a central entrance through which a person enters the building's hall. There is a staircase leading from it to the second floor and basement. Also on the ground floor there is a kitchen, dining room, living room and bedroom. On the second floor there are two bedrooms, a library and an office.

With continuous masonry, it is economical to install brick walls with external or internal insulation. In this case, the thickness of the foam concrete wall can be minimal, based on strength requirements, and thermal protection is provided by the thickness and quality of the insulation. When the insulating layer is located on the inside, it is protected from water vapor by a vapor barrier; when located on the outside, it is protected from atmospheric influences by a screen or plaster.

Apartment

In accordance with clause 3, art.
16 LCD of the Russian Federation, an apartment is a separate area, which consists of living rooms and premises for household needs. According to the Residential Code, an apartment is a structurally separate premises . It may consist of one or more living rooms and utility areas for household and other needs of citizens.

The size of the apartment depends on the number of separate rooms. On the street side, it can be equipped with a balcony and have a protective fence. From the apartment you can also access the common areas.

Shared ownership

All apartments in the MKD are not only real estate, but also the shared ownership of the owners . It is determined by the area occupied by the owner. The owners also own the territory of the adjacent plot and structural elements.

For example, a citizen is the owner of an apartment with an area of 100 square meters. m and he owns 2% of the premises in the apartment building. He is also the owner of 2% of the land plot on which the apartment building is built. This includes sewerage and water supply systems, walls and partitions, foundations and other structural elements.

Despite the right to own common property, the owner of the apartment does not have the right to use the roof, attic, basement to equip a personal workshop or storage room there, or to seize the landing for his own purposes.

Engineering Communication

For each type of structure, the list of common property is determined individually. For example, some houses have an elevator, others do not. Or one building has an automatic fire safety and flue gas removal system, but others do not, due to the small number of floors.

In houses up to 9 floors there is a gas pipeline system. If the building is taller, it is prohibited by law to gasify it.

Single-family houses

One-story single-apartment houses are designed with two to five rooms with different numbers of entrances and different planning techniques. In the project of a two-room house with one entrance, the canopy, cold storage room and veranda are provided as an extension to the heated volume and are made of lightweight structures. The main volume is designed from blocks. The advantages of the project are a compact house plan without unnecessary ledges and an extension for summer utility rooms, providing a lower height and lighter structures for unheated rooms, as well as the location of a common room near the only entrance to the house. A bathroom is provided at the entrance to the house near the outer wall with the possibility of construction at the first stage of simplified landscaping - a backlash or powder closet. Another positive feature is the arrangement of two utility storage rooms: a cold one in the extension and a second one in the heated part of the house. The summer room is provided in the form of a covered terrace. TsNIIEPgrazhdanselstroy has developed a standard design for a two-room house made of wooden panels with two entrances. Isolated entrances to the rooms, the orientation of the common living room towards the main facade, a bright bathroom and toilet located near the outer wall - all this distinguishes this project. A special feature of the solution is the possibility provided in the project of combining (transforming) the kitchen-dining room with the hallway during construction or during operation thanks to the installation of movable or sliding partitions. However, the project does not have enough thought out the layout of the kitchen-dining room, part of which is poorly lit, and the location of the dining area, kitchen furniture and equipment in it is difficult due to several entrances to the room. If there is a subsidiary plot, the orientation of the kitchen-dining room is preferable towards the courtyard facade. An economical planning technique is provided in a two-room house with a type B apartment for displaced people, designed by TsNIIEPgrazhdanselstroy in two versions with varying degrees of improvement. In one version, both rooms have the same area, and in the version with a sewer bathroom, a room for a toilet is provided by reducing the area of the bedroom. The kitchen-dining room is oriented towards the site and is conveniently planned thanks to the arrangement of one entrance. The location of two entrances to the house (main and utility) at a close distance from each other and the lack of utility storage rooms of sufficient area reduces the planning solution of the house. Three-room houses are widely represented by standard and individual projects of different layout methods and number of storeys: with apartments of type A, one-story and attic ones are designed, and with apartments of type B, two-story ones are designed. Using the example of two standard projects of single-apartment, one-story, three-room houses, one can see different techniques for designing a rural estate house. The first project provides for zoning of premises - dividing the house into two parts: for daytime use (common living room, kitchen-dining room, bright hallway, veranda) and for night rest (bedrooms, bathroom). At the same time, the kitchen-dining room and bathroom are located nearby, which is convenient for washing clothes and other household processes. The bathroom is bright; if there is no sewerage system, a backlash or powder closet may be provided at the first stage of construction. There is a convenient connection between the common living room and the front room, kitchen-dining room and veranda. However, the connection between the kitchen and both entrances to the house and the special entrance on the side and courtyard facades is complicated. Due to the somewhat elongated shape of the kitchen-dining room and the location of two entrances, a significant area of the kitchen turns out to be a walk-through area and there is no convenient place for dining and other utility areas. The summer room on the side of the main facade is also not well thought out - the narrow gallery-balcony is not functionally justified. A different layout is provided in a three-room house with two entrances to the building: from the street through the veranda directly into the common living room and from the courtyard, also through the summer room into the entrance hall, connecting the living rooms, kitchen-dining room and living room. Unlike the previous one, in this standard project the restroom and bathroom are not bright and are located in the central part of the apartment, which necessitates a centralized water supply and sewage system. The layout of the kitchen-dining room is convenient: it has a place for eating; The summer rooms were successfully designed from the side of the main entrance and the site. The latter has an additional fireplace for cooking and feeding livestock. Four-room houses are also designed with one or two entrances to the house. An example of the first is standard project No. 181-6 (option 1) with one entrance from the side facade through a summer room - a veranda. The advantages of the project are the location of the bathroom and kitchen near the entrance and the placement of the bathroom near the outer wall of the house, which makes it possible to install simplified landscaping at the first stage of design. The kitchen-dining room is conveniently located next to the bathroom and common room. However, in the kitchen-dining room there is no convenient place for eating, the equipment is poorly placed (kitchen table, refrigerator), the summer room is not connected by the kitchen and the common room, most of the veranda area is walkable. Disadvantages also include the placement of a common living room in the back of the premises, and a bedroom for parents close to the entrance. Standard project No. 181-6 was designed with two entrances to the house. The construction of a second entrance improved the layout of the house due to the location of the common living room close to the main entrance and the exit from the kitchen-dining room to the site. A different planning technique is provided for in projects of three-, four- and five-room one-story manor-type houses designed for central heating and a solid fuel stove. The bathroom and toilet are located in the central part of the house, which necessitates a centralized water supply and sewerage system. It is successful to install two entrances to the bathroom: from the utility part of the house near the kitchen, at the exit to the site, and from the bedrooms - a night rest area. This zoning of premises ensures comfortable living, and the bathroom can simultaneously serve as a laundry and washing room. The advantages also include comfortable front halls, isolated entrances to the living rooms, connection of the common room with the kitchen, orientation of the common room towards the street, and the kitchen-dining room towards the site, good proportions of the rooms, convenient layout of the kitchen-dining room, location of the entryway, pantry and terraces outside the heated volume of the house. At the same time, there is some overestimation of the total area of the premises compared to the standard. Along with individual projects for rural construction, a series of standard projects have been developed, consisting of different types of residential buildings. They provide the possibility of integrated development of the village with different demographic composition of the population. Each series is intended for use in a specific geographic area and takes into account the natural, climatic, everyday, construction, technical and other local features of housing construction in a given area. A series of standard projects are being developed in the following main design directions: designs of houses with walls made of local materials and brick (seryl No. 12 16, 115), from large blocks (No. 17), from large reinforced concrete panels (No. 43, 84, 90), wooden house building (No. 139). The series consists of projects of residential buildings of various types: sectional, blocked and one- and two-apartment. The latter are intended for individual construction. In series 16, developed by TsNIIZPgrazhdanselstroy, with load-bearing walls made of local materials and factory-made wooden parts, one- and two-apartment manor-type houses predominate, intended for construction in climatic regions II and III of the country with estimated winter air temperatures of minus 20-40 ° C and normal geological conditions. The projects are developed taking into account the use of sets of wooden parts and products produced by woodworking industry enterprises, and the use of local materials for external and internal walls, such as: brick, cinder stones, shell limestone, etc. The set of factory-made wooden parts includes structures partitions and ceilings (beams and floor panels), various products and parts for rafters, stairs and floors and other types of wooden products that can be ordered and manufactured at woodworking industry enterprises. Wooden floors with beams of small cross-section, providing a span between load-bearing walls of no more than 3 and 3.6 m, are most appropriate for individual developers. The series includes designs for one- and two-apartment houses, one-story and attic houses with apartments on two levels. In one-story houses there are two-three-room apartments, and in attic houses there are three-five-room apartments. The planning solution for apartments in this series includes functional zoning of premises, and in apartments located on two levels, the location of the bathroom on the ground floor near the kitchen-dining room is successful. Entrances to all rooms are isolated. The apartment has a glazed terrace connected to the kitchen and common room, which is also an advantage of the project. The connection between the kitchen and the plot and outbuildings is also convenient. Series 12 was developed by TsNIIEPgrazhdanselstroy with brick walls and reinforced concrete floors for subdistrict 1B and climatic region II (with the possibility of use in climatic region III). The series includes one- and two-apartment houses with three to five-room apartments. One of these projects is a four-room house with an apartment of type 4B. The positive qualities of the project are the placement of a bathroom near the outer wall, a large kitchen-dining room with a dining area, a direct connection between the common room and the veranda, and a compact space-planning solution. An example of an interesting space-planning solution for a rural dwelling is a four-room attic house with an apartment of type 4B in a series of standard projects 17 with walls made of large lightweight concrete blocks. The project uses the technique of differentiating the heights of the premises: on the ground floor there is a common living room, a kitchen-dining room, a living room, and a restroom; on the attic floor there are bedrooms and a combined sanitary unit. The common living room is a one-and-a-half-light room due to the partially combined roof. Thanks to this, a unique interior of the apartment is created - part of the open spaces of the second floor (mezzanines) is “included” in the common living room. The kitchen-dining room has a convenient dining area directly connected to the common room. Summer premises include an open terrace and a glazed veranda. The kitchen is connected to the utility entrance and is oriented towards the site. There is a basement with rooms for a heating boiler, storage of fuel and vegetables. The expressive silhouette of the roof and wooden elements on the facades and in the summer rooms enrich the architectural design of the house. Unlike standard ones, in individual projects, as a rule, there are deviations from design standards in terms of increasing the composition and area of premises. In an individual project of a four-room attic house intended for a large family, a working kitchen and a garage-workshop are located in the extension to the house. The common living room is combined with the kitchen-dining room by a sliding partition. The kitchen-dining room communicates with the working kitchen and, through it, with the second exit from the house to the site. The living room is connected to a covered terrace, onto which the kitchen-dining room also faces. On the ground floor there is a restroom with a washbasin, and on the second level there is a combined bathroom. All three bedrooms are located in the attic floor, while in a four-room apartment on two levels it is advisable to have one of the bedrooms on the first floor for elderly and young family members. The technique of including part of the sloping ceiling in the common room was used in the project of a two-story five-room house, where the interior design is expressive thanks to the successful inclusion of the second floor mezzanine into the space of the common room and its combination with the dining room using a sliding partition. There are two bathrooms on the first and second floors of the house. Large glazed openings of the common room, the location of the fireplace, mezzanine, connection with the dining room, veranda, and terrace are the advantages of the layout, and well-drawn details of the interior and facades of the house and the overall space-planning solution create an expressive architectural image of a modern rural house. The solution for a single-apartment, five-room, two-story house in standard project 144-19-20 is much simpler, but also more economical. The bathroom is conveniently located on the first floor near the kitchen, isolated bedrooms are on the second floor, and there is a vegetable store in the basement. However, the orientation of the kitchen-dining room towards the main facade is inconvenient, the areas of the common living room and summer rooms are small and the configuration of the latter is unsuccessful. The accepted method of exiting from a common living room to a narrow summer room (loggia) is more suitable for urban conditions. In rural areas, the choice of the type of summer room is more important than in the city. For example, in two-story houses, summer rooms are pergolas. Despite their advantages - the expressive architecture of facades with summer rooms and the bright play of chiaroscuro - pergolas and open terraces in the specific conditions of rural life are less convenient to use than verandas and terraces. At the same time, the location of one of the bedrooms on the ground floor, the hall-front with a staircase - all this distinguishes the layout of the house.

We recommend reading: Compensation for damage by court decision, but does not pay

When renovating or building, you need to take into account that it is the floor and ceiling that set the tone for the entire room, and such concepts as comfort and coziness, style and harmony largely depend on how carefully their design is thought out.

Differences from a private house

According to Art.
48 of the Town Planning Code, a private house is a building up to 3 floors in height, intended for residence of only one family. The apartment building is not limited by law in the number of floors and is designed to accommodate a large number of different families.

These buildings differ in the presence of common property. Private houses usually do not have elevators or common stairwells, and they are not managed by a homeowners association, organization or cooperative. Owners of their own home pay only for utilities, without paying for major repairs and maintenance of the housing stock.

Semi-detached house

Many owners are interested in whether a two-flat residential building is an apartment building? According to Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 47 “On approval of the Regulations on the recognition of premises as residential premises”, an apartment building is a building in which there are two or more apartments with independent exits. Semi-detached houses are rare, but they are considered multi-family houses.

Dormitory

Is the hostel an apartment building? After the reconstruction of the dormitory, only privatized rooms can be classified as apartment buildings. Dorm rooms are the residential sector.

In order for the hostel to be called an apartment building, reconstruction and inventory are necessary, after which residents need to re-register documents and change all addresses.

Townhouse

Is a townhouse an apartment building? According to the law, the new format of residential premises is not an apartment building, since it is not an apartment building, but a blocked residential building.
In public areas, services are provided by the management organization, taking care of painting the facade or repairing the roof. An agreement for cold drainage and water supply is also concluded between the owner of the townhouse and the company.

So, an apartment building is a building in which there are two or more apartments that have a separate exit, as well as a common plot of land . The management organization monitors proper care and supply of resources.

Single-apartment residential house

single-apartment residential building - (cottage) an individual residential building intended for living by one family and having an adjoining plot. (See: MGSN 3.01 01. Residential buildings.) Source: House: Construction Terminology, M.: Buk Press, 2021 ... Construction Dictionary

Examination of the suitability of a building for habitation

An examination is carried out to convert a garden house into a residential one. When assessing the suitability of a building for habitation, the expert will check:

whether sanitary, hygienic and construction standards are observed - for the entire volume of the room, ceiling height, glazing level, operation of the ventilation system, thickness of the thermal insulation layer, etc.;
the strength of the foundation, load-bearing walls, as well as the tightness of windows, roofing and doors;
air quality (absence of mold spores, harmful impurities, etc.);
operability of the heating system, power supply systems, water supply and sewerage, gas supply;
ensuring fire safety requirements - the quality of the electrical cable laying, whether the rules for installing heating devices are observed, the availability of fire protection treatment for combustible structures;
radiation background.

Housing management in the Russian Federation

Today you can find a variety of formats for managing the housing stock in Russia. However, despite all the diversity, housing management in the Russian Federation comes down to three main forms:

1	Involvement of a management company.
2	Creation of a homeowners' association or housing cooperative in any form.
3	Direct management if the building has no more than 30 apartments.

In Article 44 of the Housing Code you can read that (we quote) “the general meeting of owners of premises in an apartment building is the management body of the apartment building” [RF Housing Code, 2021]. Let us clarify that a meeting of residents can be held under any chosen form of management, and the decision made by the residents will have legal force.

The only question is that with direct management this is the main decision-making body, and if there is a cooperative or management company, only global issues are resolved at the meeting. For example, what to spend money on first: replacing the elevator, repairing the roof, or re-laying the internal water supply networks. Or, for example, is it worth installing a barrier at the entrance to the yard and is there a need for a video surveillance system in the entrances.

In addition, Article 161 states that if the residents of an apartment building have not united into a partnership or cooperative, have not hired a management company, and there are more than 4 apartments in this building, then at a meeting they must elect the council of the apartment building from among their ranks [ZhK RF, 2021] .

Official registration of such a council is not required anywhere, but the council itself is needed to resolve issues of operational management of the housing stock on behalf of residents. For example, such as finding a technician to repair communications, a cleaner to clean the entrances, concluding an agreement for elevator maintenance, garbage removal, etc.

Global issues such as major repairs will in any case be resolved at a general meeting of residents, regardless of the form of management. Especially if there is a need for major repairs, but the capital repair fund does not have money and financing falls on the shoulders and wallets of homeowners. Then at the meeting a decision may be made on an additional contribution to pay for the overhaul.

Article 166 of the Housing Code prescribes what exactly is included in the list of capital repairs, the implementation of which should be financed (but is not always financed) from the capital repair fund.

What is included in the overhaul:

✔	Repair of facade, roof, foundation.
✔	Repair, replacement, modernization of elevators and elevator equipment.
✔	Renovation of basements not occupied by other owners.
✔	Repair of engineering networks of heat, gas, electricity and water supply, as well as water disposal (sewage) inside the house.

It is important to understand that, according to the Housing Code, the supplier of heating, gas supply, electricity and other services is responsible for utilities running outside the house. Repairing communications outside the home is the responsibility of the service provider.

Everything that is inside the house is the concern of the homeowners, the management company, and the cooperative. Any repairs to common communications inside the house are carried out at the expense of the residents. In principle, you can potentially contact a service provider for such repairs, but you still need to pay for such repairs separately, because the cost of heat, gas, water and electricity supplies does not include repairs of internal communications.

And let’s dwell a little more on the topic of direct control. For those interested, we invite you to read the material prepared by a professional lawyer about “Direct management of the house as a method of management” [A. Yudina, 2020]. Three parts of the material discuss issues such as restrictions on the number of apartments, the process of direct management, including the functions of the general meeting and the role of the house council, the pros and cons of such management.

Be sure to pay attention to the screenshot from the GIS Housing and Communal Services website (State Information System of Housing and Communal Services):

And compare it with more recent data:

You'll see some interesting dynamics. So, if over 10 months the number of households attracting a management company increased by only 765, and the number of cooperatives and partnerships - by 1468, then those wishing to take control into their own hands increased by 75,918, i.e. by almost 76 thousand [GIS Housing and Communal Services, 2021].

At least two conclusions can be drawn from these statistics. First, the popularity of direct management is growing rapidly. Secondly, in Russia there are quite a lot of buildings with less than 30 apartments, which is surprising for residents of big cities and high-rise buildings.

For reference: in one entrance of a 5-story Khrushchev building there are usually 20 apartments, 4 on each floor. In one “Khrushchev”, as a rule, there are from two to four entrances.

And here we come close to another interesting aspect of the use of housing stock: what types of residential buildings, in principle, exist and the possibilities of using the territory around them, which is in common use of the residents? Let's get a look.

Independent search for real estate without intermediaries on the Internet

There are a number of possible ways to search for an object - working with the media, real estate notice boards, etc. But the majority have long appreciated all the benefits of searching and publishing advertisements on Internet resources, so this method is the most relevant. The number of thematic sites is growing daily, and the real estate market itself is expanding. The site provides information from the following sections:

Property For Sale
Rental Property
New buildings from developers
Cottages and cottage villages
Daily rental of real estate
Commercial real estate

What is considered a residential building by law - Legal Guide

In order for a house to become residential and fully suitable for official living, a special examination is carried out, which includes a complex of various expert manipulations.

The goal of the specialists is to identify the technical features of the building, as well as to check it for compliance with all the requirements of Russian legislation on residential buildings. How to recognize a house as residential? - some property owners ask.

Based on the work of experts, an expert conclusion is made in which the object is recognized as residential/non-residential (taking into account standards).

When should I order the service? On the acquired summer cottage, a small cottage was built into which funds were invested. Thus, there is a desire to live in it all year round. In such a situation, it is important to recognize the house as residential. This gives the right to register in it to the owners.

The legislation of our country allows the transition of a country house to the category of residential. However, all residential buildings have special technical standards. In fact, all modern buildings must comply with them. In order to establish the fact of such compliance as accurately and objectively as possible, an independent examination should be carried out.

How is a house recognized as residential?

Would you like to recognize a country (garden) house as residential and, if possible, register residents in it?

The property must meet the following criteria:

relate to capital buildings, have a full foundation made of high-quality materials, normal walls that comply with the requirements of SNiP and current safety standards during operation;
It is possible to recognize a house as residential in SNT only if drinking water is supplied to it and a water supply system is connected (if filters for cleaning are installed, it is necessary to prove that they are really effective);
also, the building must have all the necessary engineering communications (electrical wiring, ventilation systems, heating equipment, sewerage, etc.), which are built taking into account SanPiN, SNiP;
There must be a water supply; if there are purification filters, it is worth proving that they are beneficial.

If it is necessary to recognize a residential building as a residential building, a special procedure is carried out, the procedure of which is determined exclusively by the regional authorities. However, certain provisions of this process are common to each applicant.

The requirements for recognizing a house as residential are:

The authorities can recognize a dacha building as a residential building if the owners provide all the necessary documentation, as well as the result of an examination regarding the condition of the residential building. It is important to note that the expert opinion is the determining argument;
if the municipality does not want to recognize the claims of the property owner for certain reasons, it is possible to demand through the court the establishment of a legal fact that the country house of the blocked development is fully residential, and also fully suitable for living. In this case, an independent expert’s opinion is required (28 Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation);
if a decision on recognition is necessary, in any of the situations the owner of the house must provide the judicial/government authorities with a technical passport of the BTI organization with the properties of the building. In this case, an expert opinion is not always required. If disputes arise, the court may require this document if it considers that it contains unreliable or incorrect information.

Thus, if a residential building is declared unfit for habitation, it is worth going to court.

For a favorable court decision, it is recommended to involve an experienced lawyer (ask for contacts), who will help you win the case and recognize the residential building as unsafe or suitable for habitation.

If you need help recognizing an apartment building as a residential building, it is recommended that you contact a lawyer. They will help you defend your rights and obtain the appropriate resolution.

Example of an application for recognition of a house as residential

The plaintiff has ownership of his property. When municipal authorities do not cooperate, the plaintiff files a claim to recognize the house as residential, a sample of which can be obtained from our lawyers - here.

If a residential building is recognized as unsafe, the statement will be slightly different in wording. In this case, it is advisable to seek help from lawyers who will help you draw up this document correctly.

Tips for owners of cottages and houses who want to obtain a registration in gardening:

the issue of building a strong house should be approached as carefully as possible, since it will be possible to live in it in any season of the year;
the structure must be provided with various engineering resources; if possible, the house should be connected to the central water supply and sewerage system. In addition, you can install a septic tank;
Attention is paid to fire safety - all wooden structures must be treated with special means. Electrical wiring is in non-flammable cables.

If it is necessary to recognize part of the house as a residential building, then the building must also be in ideal condition so that any commission can recognize it as suitable for permanent housing and issue the relevant documents after inspection and examination.

List of documents

Property owners are interested in what kind of house is recognized as residential and what is needed for this. To recognize part of a house as a residential building, as well as in any other similar situations, the following papers are required:

copies of the applicant’s documents establishing the rights to residential premises;
a statement that the house is subject to demolition, is in disrepair, and requires reconstruction in form;
conclusion of the organization that conducted the real estate survey;
floor plan of the building, technical passport;
certificate of the status of the building.

In each specific case, the list of documents may differ. So, if it is necessary to recognize an apartment or part of it as a residential building, qualified lawyers will advise you on what to do correctly and what documents to collect.

They will also tell you how to correctly draw up a statement of claim. The help of professionals in matters related to real estate will never be superfluous. Get free legal advice

Source: //provashiprava.ru/dom/dachnaya-amnistiya/kak-priznat-dom-zhilym.html

What is considered a residential building by law - Collection of legal recommendations

Send us your phone number and we will tell you where you can buy a plot of individual housing construction at a price of 7,000 rubles

Your application is accepted

Just a few years ago, an individual housing construction project (hereinafter referred to as IHC) could only be built on plots of the category “land of settlements” and, in exceptional cases, on agricultural lands intended for summer cottage construction.

But in recent years, legislation in this area has undergone significant changes, and it is possible to build a house in which you can register permanent residence both on summer cottages and on lands for gardening.

The main condition is that your house be recognized as residential.

Which house is considered residential?

To register permanent residence in a country house, it must be suitable for habitation. It is recognized as such by a specially formed commission.

The basis for its convening and subsequent actions will be the owner’s application to recognize the premises (house) as residential. But, of course, before submitting it you need to make sure that the house meets the requirements.

Below is a list of them in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation:

Load-bearing and enclosing structures of residential premises must be in working condition and ensure the safe stay of citizens and the safety of engineering equipment
Residential premises must be arranged and equipped in such a way as to prevent the risk of injury to residents when moving in and around the residential premises.
Residential premises must be provided with engineering systems (electric lighting, drinking and hot water supply, drainage, heating and ventilation, and in gasified areas also gas supply). In settlements without centralized utility networks, one- and two-story buildings may not have running water or sewerage latrines.
Engineering systems, equipment and mechanisms located in residential premises must comply with sanitary and epidemiological safety requirements. It is not allowed to combine ventilation ducts of kitchens and sanitary facilities (auxiliary premises) with living rooms.
Engineering systems must be placed and installed in accordance with the safety requirements established in current regulations and the instructions of equipment manufacturers.
External enclosing structures of residential premises must have thermal insulation that ensures in the cold season a relative humidity of no more than 60 percent, a temperature of heated premises of at least +18 degrees Celsius, as well as insulation from the penetration of cold air, vapor barrier, absence of moisture condensation on internal surfaces and preventing accumulation of excess moisture in residential building structures.
Residential premises must be protected from the penetration of rain, melt and ground water and possible domestic water leaks from engineering systems using structural means and technical devices.
The permissible height of a residential building in use must correspond to the class of the building's structural fire hazard and the degree of its fire resistance established in the current regulations.
The space-planning solution for residential premises, the minimum area of rooms and premises for auxiliary use intended to satisfy citizens' household and other needs related to their residence in residential premises (except for the hallway and corridor), must ensure the possibility of placing the necessary set of furniture and functional equipment, taking into account ergonomic requirements.
The height (from floor to ceiling) of the rooms and kitchen (kitchen-dining room) in climatic regions IA, IB, IG, ID and IVa must be at least 2.7 m, and in other climatic regions - at least 2.5 m. Height corridors, halls, hallways, mezzanines should be at least 2.1 m.
The floor level of the living space located on the ground floor must be higher than the planning level of the ground.
Placing a restroom, bathroom (shower) and kitchen above the rooms is not allowed.
Rooms and kitchens in living areas should have direct natural light.
Other auxiliary premises intended to satisfy citizens’ household and other needs may not have natural lighting.
In residential premises, permissible levels of vibration from internal and external sources during the day and at night must correspond to the values established in current regulatory legal acts. (Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation dated January 28, 2006 No. 47 “On approval of the Regulations on recognizing premises as residential premises, residential premises unsuitable for habitation and an apartment building as unsafe and subject to demolition or reconstruction”).

The above list is not complete, but reproduces the requirements that the owner can provide himself at the stage of building a house. The full list can be found in the text of the document provided.

The procedure for recognizing a house as residential

Any premises - be it a house or a room in a house (apartment) is recognized as residential in the manner prescribed by law:

Based on the owner’s application, the commission assesses the premises’ compliance with the established requirements and recognizes the premises as suitable (unsuitable) for habitation.
The commission evaluates the technical condition of building structures and a residential building as a whole, its fire resistance, evacuation conditions in case of fire, sanitary and epidemiological requirements, the content of substances potentially hazardous to humans, air quality, background radiation and noise levels, vibrations, the presence of electromagnetic fields, microclimate parameters premises, as well as the location of the residential premises (Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of January 28, 2006 No. 47 “On approval of the Regulations on recognizing premises as residential premises, residential premises unsuitable for habitation and an apartment building as unsafe and subject to demolition or reconstruction”).

The procedure for assessing the compliance of a premises with established requirements also includes:

acceptance and consideration of the application and supporting documents attached to it;
determining the list of additional documents (conclusions of the relevant state control and supervision bodies, etc.) necessary to make a decision on recognizing the residential premises as meeting (not meeting) the requirements;
determination of the composition of the design and survey experts involved;
the work of the commission to assess the suitability (unsuitability) of residential premises for permanent residence;
drawing up by the commission a conclusion on recognizing the residential premises as meeting (not meeting) the requirements and suitable (unsuitable) for living (hereinafter referred to as the conclusion);
drawing up an inspection report of the premises (if the commission decides on the need for an inspection) and drawing up a conclusion by the commission based on the conclusions and recommendations specified in the report;
adoption by the relevant federal executive body, executive body of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, or local government body of a decision based on the results of the commission’s work;
transfer of one copy of the decision to the applicant and the owner of the residential premises (the third copy remains in the file formed by the commission). (Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation dated January 28, 2006 No. 47 “On approval of the Regulations on recognizing premises as residential premises, residential premises unsuitable for habitation and an apartment building as unsafe and subject to demolition or reconstruction”).

Source: //ds309samara.ru/chto-schitaetsya-zhilym-domom-po-zakonu/