You can arrange buildings on your own site as you wish. In this case, fire safety standards and the distance from the fence to the garage and neighboring buildings that have already been erected or are being built must be observed.
There are several legislative documents for the construction of a garage. They do not contradict each other, but operate on different planes. The main ones are fire safety rules, which must be followed strictly. Some standards are advisory in nature.
According to the current legislation of the Russian Federation, a garage is classified as an outbuilding.
Based on Article 51 of the Civil Code, Articles 1 and 17, obtaining permission to build a garage on a private plot is not required.
But this does not mean that it can be built anywhere.
The neighboring plot is empty
SNiP regulates the distance when constructing a garage from the fence, on the side and in front, as well as from the nearest neighboring building and the red line. In this case, the right of the first developer matters.
A garage on an undeveloped plot can be located no closer than 1 meter from neighbors
If construction of a house and outbuildings on neighboring plots has not yet begun, then the garage can be placed at a distance of 1 m from the neighboring fence. The measurement takes place from the extreme point of the base to the demarcation line, in this case, the fence.
According to SNiP, wastewater from the roof should not fall onto someone else’s property. The passage between the building and the fence must remain free.
A free passage between the garage and the fence ensures good drainage of water from the roof
Before building a garage, talk to your neighbor. If he already has an approved development plan for the site, primarily a house, then this is equivalent to the start of construction and is legally valid at the level of existing buildings.
The neighboring plot is built up
If there are buildings on a neighboring site and work is being carried out to create a foundation, the 6-meter rule comes into force. The garage must be located more than 6 m from the nearest neighboring building.
These rules ensure safety in the event of man-made accidents and other types of damage and fires that occur.
In the event of a fire, the fire should not easily spread to other buildings
During simultaneous development and when a neighbor is building later, but wants to locate the house closer to your existing garage than 6 meters, an agreement is concluded between the neighbors. It is legally certified.
Features of the neighborhood with wooden buildings
The proximity to a farmstead where a wooden residential building is built increases the mandatory distance to 15 m. At the same time, the right to agree with the owner on reducing this distance is retained. Consent is drawn up in writing and certified by a notary.
The same procedure for neighbors to resolve the issue applies to brick buildings, if it is necessary to build a room for a car at a distance of less than 6 m. A prerequisite for receiving a positive answer from a neighbor is to ensure sufficient fire safety measures.
This is interesting: Boundaries of buildings on a plot of land
To do this you need:
- install an external shield with recommended fire-fighting accessories;
- place a fire extinguisher in the room;
- ensure that the room is not heated;
- place the electrical power supply distribution panel outside the building;
- equip the electrical panel with an automatic load switch;
- trace the wires in a protective metal sleeve;
- equip lighting devices with factory shades.
If the above recommendations are not followed, you may not only lose the opportunity to resolve the issue peacefully, but also aggravate the situation as a whole. Thus, guided by Article 304 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the owner of a neighboring plot may demand that construction and operation be brought into compliance with fire regulations. Failure to comply with the permitted construction distances is a direct possibility of fire spreading.
Distance from red line
The second part of the garage location rule concerns the so-called red line. This is usually the front boundary of the property facing the road. The line along which all government communications, underground and overhead, pass:
- water pipes;
- sewerage;
- power line;
- connection;
- gas supply.
The red line with communications must be at a sufficient distance from the garage
In addition to the systems listed above, others may also pass through.
The garage should be located 5 m from the red line. By complying with this condition, you comply with the requirements of local authorities and road inspectors. The car in front of the garage must be parked on the site, not occupying the roadway or sidewalk.
The parking space between the garage and the road should not block the passage of other cars on the road
The distance from the garage to the fence can be reduced, and even made into one line, if the fence is moved a meter from the red line towards the site and coordinated with local government and fire safety authorities.
The fence must be moved along its entire length, and not just in front of the garage, creating a free area for passage in the event of an emergency or fire.
A garage with a parking space must be located on the site
Regulatory restrictions
The construction of main and auxiliary buildings must be carried out without violating building codes and regulations (hereinafter referred to as SNiP), which take into account technical, legal and economic requirements in relation to architectural surveys and urban planning.
In order to be able to register a new building as an object of real estate owned, it is necessary to obtain the appropriate permission.
An exception is represented by a combination of the following circumstances:
- Construction of a garage is not associated with the desire to make a profit from rental activities, vehicle repairs and other things.
- They plan to install the box on land owned by the owner, allocated for housing construction or non-profit gardening activities (SNT or dacha cooperative).
- The box does not have a foundation, for example, a metal one, therefore, it does not belong to capital construction projects.
In all other cases, the owner of the site is obliged to contact the architectural department of local authorities, submitting the following documents:
- a written statement with mandatory information (from whom, to whom, circumstances and essence of the request);
- a copy of the identity document of the owner of the land plot;
- document confirming land ownership;
- topographic reference to the area;
- cadastral plan of house construction and adjacent territory;
- technical documentation with BTI assessment information;
- scheme for entering communications into the housing construction area;
- project.
Having received the application, the official is obliged to issue a receipt to the applicant stating that the documents have been accepted for consideration. The decision on whether it is possible to build a garage in the declared location is made within ten working days. In practice, this procedure takes longer.
If a negative decision is received, all documents must be returned. The applicant has the right to re-submit a petition to the same body after changing the construction plan or may appeal to the courts to appeal an administrative, in the opinion of the applicant, unlawful refusal.
Additional requirements
At what distance from the property line can a garage be located if there is an alley on the side? Regardless of the width and intensity of the dirt road or just a pedestrian area, the house for the car should be located no closer than 3 m from the side fence and the street.
This requirement of SanPiN is based on fire safety; in the event of an emergency, transport must pass freely between areas.
Acceptable layout of the garage on the site
The provision applies to the house, all outbuildings and structures related to small architectural forms:
- gazebo;
- pergola;
- awnings;
- greenhouse;
- summer houses.
Requirements for a garage built into a house are imposed on the general principles of a permanent building
The boundaries are determined at a distance of 6-10 meters from the fence, depending on the material of the walls. For wooden houses - 15 m. It is prohibited to arrange living rooms above the garage:
- bedrooms;
- children's;
- kitchen-dining rooms;
- living rooms.
Ventilation system
A high-quality and efficient air exchange system is mandatory in a garage; without it, it is impossible to operate the building in a safe and comfortable manner.
For garage buildings, you can choose different structural elements and equipment; the type of ventilation provided will depend on this:
- natural or general exchange, based on simple air circulation;
- forced, including fans and hoods, check valves and filters.
The best option for a garage structure remains forced ventilation, which can be supply or exhaust, supply and exhaust.
Thanks to well-established air exchange and forced circulation of air masses, a comfortable microclimate is always maintained in the room, with clean air free of harmful impurities and unpleasant odors.
Recommendations from a specialist on choosing a place to build a garage
When constructing an inspection pit, it is necessary to conduct geodetic exploration of the soil and soil waters. If the location is close, choose another place or waterproof the pit. This is explained in the following video:
When developing a project, experts recommend immediately planning to build a garage on the north side of the site. Then it will not block the sun for plants around the house and limit the light flow.
The location of the garage in the northern part of the site is recommended, but not mandatory
This point of the designers is advisory in nature and is more suitable for farmers who use the site for growing vegetables and fruits.
Distance from the fence during garage construction: documentation and SNiP standards
The following standards apply to detached and attached garages built on private plots for personal cars:
- SNiP 2.07.01 – 89. “Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements";
- Urban planning complex of the Russian Federation 12.29.2004, No. 190-FZ;
- “Fire safety rules for buildings and structures” dated 21.01. 1997;
- Fire safety standards No. 53.13330.2011.
The garage should be located 1 m from the neighboring fence, and 6 m from the windows, veranda and walls of the neighboring house
The measurement is taken from the edge of the protruding plinth or walls, which stands out more outward, to the line of the nearest element of the neighboring building. Balconies protruding above the level of the roof of the building for the car are not taken into account unless they have columns and capital supports of another type.
Maintaining the required distances between the garage, the fence and the nearest building on the neighboring site will protect you from administrative liability, disputes with neighbors and forced demolition of the building
Violation of the requirements of SNiP 2.07.01 - 89 and SNiP 21.01 - 97 will not entail criminal punishment, since in relation to outbuildings, which include garages, regulatory documents are advisory in nature.
Fire safety regulations must be observed; violation of them is punishable by fines and even demolition of structures.
You can ignore them on your site, but after construction the garage must be registered with the BTI, so troubles may arise.
Issue resolution and judicial practice
Clarification of relations between neighbors in the courts is an extreme measure used in cases where it is impossible to find mutual understanding. But if it is not possible to dispose of your land to build a garage due to unfounded claims, then there are no other ways to prove your case.
In the countryside
When considering a case in court, the plaintiff prepares and files a statement of claim, attaching documents of a housing nature that determine the right of ownership. Their list duplicates the necessary papers for approval of the project by the administration architects.
The plaintiff sets out the circumstances and subject of the illegal claims, methods and methods of preventing the exercise of rights on a summer cottage or in a private house. The statement of claim is supplemented with evidence in the case in the form of photographs and video materials.
Before preparing a statement of claim, you should make sure that there are no violations on the part of the plaintiff, and that the norms for distances from residential and auxiliary premises are met.
Otherwise, it will not be possible to count on a positive decision.
Fire safety standards
Fire safety requirements include a number of points that will help avoid a fire:
- the supply of electricity from the house to the garage is carried out with an insulated cable in accordance with PTEEP standards, without breaks or bare spots;
- the wire is placed in a metal sleeve;
- fuses are installed at the input;
- light bulbs with protective shades;
- presence of a fire extinguisher in the garage and car;
- no heating;
- floor with anti-slip coating, resistant to oils;
- a box with sand for removing spilled fuel and lubricants and extinguishing fires on the floor;
- outside fire shield;
- do not leave the car with an open fuel tank;
- smoking area outside the garage.
It is better to observe fire safety in the private sector so that outbuildings and the house on the entire site do not burn down
You should not store cans next to your car in the garage. It is better for them to make a room behind the garage with a separate entrance.
Electric heating devices and switched-on power tools must not be left unattended.
Immediately during construction, create paths 70–80 cm wide around the base. They will protect the foundation from wastewater and ensure free passage.
Garage Doors
Through the gate, the car and its owner enter the building, and garage doors are used to protect the structure from entry by third parties.
Convenient garage doors are presented by manufacturers in a wide range of different designs, differing in the opening method:
- hinged, take up maximum space when open and are quite inconvenient when opening or closing;
- sliding, the design of these gates includes wheels that provide easy opening of the doors without much effort;
- roller doors, one or more sections of garage doors open upward due to a mechanical or electric drive.
To automate the process of controlling garage doors, modern electric drive devices are used.
Many garage door systems are complemented by modern equipment that can be operated using a remote control without leaving the car or leaving the garage.
