Connection diagram for a single-phase electric meter

The operation of a single-phase electric motor is based on the use of alternating electric current by connecting to single-phase networks. The voltage in such a network must correspond to the standard value of 220 Volts, frequency - 50 Hertz. Motors of this type are primarily used in household appliances, pumps, small fans, etc.

The power of single-phase motors is sufficient for the electrification of private houses, garages or summer cottages. Under these conditions, a single-phase electrical network with a voltage of 220 V is used, which places some demands on the process of connecting the motor. A special circuit is used here, which involves the use of a device with a starting winding.

Connection

single-phase meter connection diagram

The process of connecting equipment may vary depending on the type of electric meter chosen.

In the case of using single-phase models, it will look like this:

Make sure there is no voltage and, if you are replacing an old device, remove it by first disconnecting all wires.
Input the load and power cable from the general apartment wiring. If the electrical panel is installed outdoors, then it is additionally necessary to use seals that provide waterproofing at the point where the wires enter.
The length of the input cable must be twice as large as required in order to have a certain margin. At the same time, it is necessary to avoid strong bends to prevent damage to the wires.
Insulating wires must be stripped to 10 mm. and separate them in different directions from each other. It may be necessary to turn on the voltage briefly to identify the phase cables.
The input cable must be connected to a suitable circuit breaker.
Wires are inserted into the upper contacts: the phase is on the left, and the neutral working cable is on the right.
The grounding cable is connected to a special terminal in the electrical panel. After this, an initial tightening of the contacts is carried out and a control is carried out, which is carried out a few minutes later. This measure is especially relevant if wires made of aluminum material are used for connection.
From the output of the machine with two poles, it is necessary to conduct the working zero and phase wire directly to the electric meter.
Single-phase varieties of electric meters have 4 terminals, connection to them is carried out in the following order: phase input, phase output, working zero input, working zero output.
Now it is necessary to make jumpers from PV-1 to ensure switching of all existing modular equipment. To do this, you need to measure the distance between the terminals, and use pliers to bend the cable at a right angle so that it is securely fastened to the terminals of the equipment. For an electric meter, it will need to be stripped to 27 mm; for all other modular devices, 10 mm will be sufficient. In situations where a phase must be distributed to several machines at once, a special comb is used.
Tighten all terminals, first this process is carried out with the upper screw and if it is securely fixed, the lower one is also tightened.
Connect the load to the machines, the zero bus and the ground bus.

After the steps have been completed, it is recommended to check the correct connection and secure fastening. Then a specialist is invited to put seals on the equipment and draw up a corresponding report.

The diagram according to which three-phase meters are connected will look different. If this particular variety is used, then the following procedure must be followed:

Place a three-phase power wire with a neutral and a grounding conductor inside the electrical panel.

There are 5 contacts, the connection is as follows: phase A is connected to the first, phase B to the third, and phase C to the fifth

Compliance with the phase order is especially important if an electronic meter is connected.

The output of phases from the electric meter to the circuit breaker to consumers is carried out on 2, 4 and 6 contacts.

Zero connects to the seventh and extends from it to pin 8.

The grounding conductor is attached and connected to the corresponding busbar of the electrical panel. This is an important condition, since the disappearance of zero in electrical protection will cause a number of overvoltages, due to which electricity consumers may fail.

three-phase meter connection diagram

Connecting three-phase meters is a much more complex process, for which a qualified electrician is recommended.

Connecting a single-phase electricity meter

Single-phase meters for houses and apartments are made directly connected, i.e. without additional step-down current transformers.

There is nothing complicated in connecting a single-phase meter; before installing the meter, carefully study the documentation, instructions, examples of connecting single-phase meter circuits, etc.

The documentation that comes with the electric meter is a passport, instructions or form for the meter, which indicates all the characteristics, serial number, dates of manufacture and verification of the meter, and of course - the circuit of the single-phase meter itself.
Additionally, the set of documents for the meter may also include an operating manual, which will also indicate the diagram of a single-phase meter.
Without fail, on the back of the terminal cover of any electric meter, there will be a diagram of a single-phase meter.

Having studied the diagram of a single-phase meter “on paper,” let’s turn directly to the electric meter itself.

terminal No. 1 – phase input from an external network (to a house or apartment);
terminal No. 2 – phase output (inside the house or apartment);
terminal No. 3 - zero input from an external network (to a house or apartment);
terminal No. 4 - zero output (inside the house or apartment).

In the same sequence, we connect the wires to the contacts of our single-phase electric meter, not forgetting to turn off the machine, plugs or switch that is installed in front of the single-phase electric meter, if your input cable (wire) immediately goes to the meter, in this case, you need to turn off the line.

When replacing an old single-phase electric meter, if you decide to replace it yourself or call a friend-neighbor who is an electrician, at a minimum, make a call to your network company, management company, HOA and find out what needs to be done to replace the single-phase meter. The main question is who will tear the seal off the old meter.

If you break the seal on an old electric meter and install a new one, and only then notify the power grid, serious problems may arise. You may be accused of stealing electricity (the seal has been broken) and will be subject to a large fine.

Connection diagram for a single-phase electricity meter

Scheme of a single-phase meter, when an input circuit breaker is installed in front of the meter. This should be the case according to the PUE, but if the input machine cannot be sealed, the network organization will not allow such a meter connection scheme.

Scheme of a single-phase meter, when the input circuit breaker is installed after the meter. This option for connecting an electric meter is used if it is not possible to seal the input machine. The cable (wire) is connected directly to the electric meter, the terminal cover is sealed and there is no possibility of electricity theft.

Connecting an electricity meter yourself

If we talk about a single-phase meter, then in this case only a third of the power and voltage produced directly at the electricity substation is used, so to speak. The thing is that industrial electric generators have three windings and, as a result, three phases.

A single-phase electricity meter and the entire subsequent circuit are actually connected to only one of the three phases. Which? Yes, anyone! Here, the main task for designers and those who subsequently carry out the installation is to make sure that the power consumption is evenly distributed among each phase. That is, if a neighbor has one phase, then you get another, and the third neighbor gets a third!

The connection of a single-phase electricity meter is carried out according to the diagram below. The diagram is usually shown on the back of the cover of the new meter.

The connection diagram for a single-phase electricity meter has already been unchanged for at least 40 years. Therefore, you can safely use it if you have a meter, but do not have an electrical connection diagram for it.

The following is a standard (current) connection diagram for a 220-volt meter, taken from the meter cover.

The contacts are shown in accordance with their actual location on the meter (when viewed from the front side) and the inputs and outputs to them: F - phase, 0 - zero, G - current from the generator of the electric manufacturer, that is, the input to the meter, N - load, then there is access to your apartment. 13 and 14 additional output for instrumentation (not available on all meters, used for taking control data and measurements)

Studying the meter connection diagram

Electric meter connection diagram (single-phase and three-phase)

We will not consider complex connection options - we will leave them to professionals, because... Without the appropriate skills, it is unlikely that you will be able to cope with such work on your own.

Connection diagram for direct connection electric meter

The simplest option is a single-phase connection. It is performed using a maximum of 6 cables and load. The ground, phase and neutral wires are connected to the input of the meter. Similar wires are connected to its output.

An automatic switch is installed in front of the meter. This is done for greater safety and ease of use. A small device will independently disconnect a house or apartment from the power supply if any kind of dangerous situation occurs.

To avoid problems with the energy sales service, be sure to seal the switch. To do this, we use a basic kit consisting of a mounting DIN rail, a seal and a plastic box.

The design of a typical electric meter includes a bus. This product is made in the form of a copper strip. Dielectric clamps are used to secure it. A number of holes are made along the length of the bus for supplying electrical cables and their subsequent fastening. This connection method is relevant when it is necessary to combine several separate wires into one cable.

Design principles

Principles of construction
When developing and preparing the drawings included in the OSE, it is necessary to strictly comply with the norms of the PUE (electrical installation rules), as well as the requirements for this type of work indicated in the regulatory documentation. Before starting the process, you need to familiarize yourself with the nomenclature of circuit elements .

What should a single-line power supply diagram include?

The content of the single-line diagram is regulated by regulatory documentation presented to the applicant after consideration of the request for obtaining technical specifications. The design diagrams should indicate :

the framework of the areas of responsibility of the supplier and consumer of electricity - they are presented in the text of the contract for the provision of services for the supply of premises;
the main distribution board and consumer-owned transformer stations, indicating automatic transfer switching devices (if any);
autonomous power supply (if available);
the distribution cabinets of both lighting equipment and power lines present in the room
horizontal dimensions of main power lines cables used for communication and how they are laid;
calculated data on energy losses during transmission ;
information about emergency operation;
equipment for electricity metering with the designation of the transformation ratio (if a secondary electric current of 5 A is used);
technical characteristics of fuses, automatic shutdown devices ;
information about the loads with notes about their power in kW and current.

A drawing developed taking into account the given data can later be supplemented with additional graphical representations that are not subject to special approval.

Question to the expert

Who approves the project?

Signatures, according to regulatory sources, should be collected from the specialist who developed the scheme, the official who checked it, and the manager who approved the project. The initial approval is approved by the person responsible for the power supply on the consumer’s side, and subsequent approvals are determined by the characteristics of the premises and the work carried out in it.

Design stages

The stages of developing a single-line diagram have a certain sequence. First, the applicant is required to submit a request to the company providing electricity supply services to issue technical specifications for the implementation of this task. After waiting for the documents regulating the process to be received, consumer representatives prepare a draft scheme for these specifications. The developed drawing is agreed upon with the company that issued the technical specifications.

If during the operation of the electrical network there is a need to make changes to the configuration of its elements , an executive diagram . The sequence of stages for it will be identical.

Design rules, GOST requirements

When preparing drawings for the project under review, it is necessary to strictly follow the GOST standards of the Unified System of Design Documentation, which regulate the specifics of the development of such electrical circuits.
Numbers of state standards:

2.721-74 – introduces graphic symbols in diagrams;
2.755-87 - describes how to designate switching devices and contact connections;
2.709-89 – talks about wire symbols;
2.710-81 – signs combining letters and numbers.

Conventions used in drawing up single-line diagrams

The visual representation of the various elements that make up the energy supply system is regulated by regulatory sources. Boxes, panels and cabinets have their own designations in the drawing documents:

Shields are shown as rectangles. The main shield elements have a horizontal line that cuts off a small fragment at the bottom. Group elements responsible for working lighting are filled with black paint; for emergency lighting, they have two diagonals.
Single panels and one-way service cabinets are represented by squares with a fragment cut off horizontally at the bottom. Double-sided service elements have cut-offs at the top and bottom. This rule also applies to elements from several panels, only they are presented as the corresponding number of squares arranged in a row.
The pull-out box has a square shape. The introductory box is represented as a square crossed out by a thick vertical line.
The branch box is depicted as a circle with a thick transverse line and a vertical line going down from the center of the circle.

A regular switch looks like a circle with a line extending from it to the right and upward. The number of poles (one, two, three) is demonstrated by the number of small vertical lines at its end. If an open installation is assumed, the lines are drawn from the base to the right and down, and in the case of a hidden one , it is intersected by transverse lines. Double and triple elements have two or three lines instead of one. A high degree of protection is demonstrated by painting the circle black. If the element works in two directions , a second line is drawn to the left and down from the circle.

The socket is shown as a “lying” semicircle with a line extending upward from the top. The presence of two poles is described by a second similar feature, the protective contact is an additional horizontal, hidden installation - running from the center to the top. Strong defense is shown by shading in black.

Designation of lighting fixtures

Designations of lighting devices :

Lamps with fluorescent lamps are shown as elongated rectangles, other devices are shown as circles.
The cable is depicted with a transverse dotted line and a thick line under it near the “equator” of the circle.
External lighting devices are shown with the letter “T” turned on its side, growing from the left side of the circle.
The chandelier is shown by dividing the circle into 6 segments.
The lamp wall socket is a blackened triangle with a V-shaped fork on top.
The suspended cartridge is a circle crossed out by diagonals. Ceiling - similar, but the crossing out elements located within the figure are not applied to the image.
Ammeter, voltmeter, galvanometer are round shapes with the letters A, V and an upward arrow inside, respectively.
Temperature sensor and oscilloscope – squares. The first has a t inside and an arrow pointing to the right that coincides with the base. The second one has a thin N-shaped image of a lightning bolt.
The electricity meter is a tall rectangle with a separated upper segment and the inscription Wh.

If the circuit designer has any doubts about how to depict a particular element, he can familiarize himself with the nomenclature of OSE symbols in the reference literature.

Machine device

Most often, the machine is a structure of the following elements:

Cocking handle. It allows you to turn on the device or turn it off if installation is necessary.
Enabling mechanism.
Contacts. They connect and break the common chain.
Clamps. Used to connect to a protective device.
Mechanisms that operate according to conditions. This includes the bimetallic thermal release plate. Some designs have an adjustment screw with which you can adjust the current strength.
Arcing chamber. Located in any pole of the device.

Depending on the purpose, the machines are equipped with additional elements

How does the shutdown mechanism work?

The machine has a special mechanism that helps break the chain when the current increases.

There are different operating principles for such devices:

Electromagnetic. A distinctive feature is rapid operation in the presence of a short circuit. With a sharp increase in current strength, a coil is activated, the core of which opens the circuit.
Thermal. Here the main element is a bimetallic plate, which, when the temperature rises, changes shape, bends in the opposite direction, due to which it opens the chain.

Electromagnetic devices

Electric kettles operate on a similar principle, which is why they turn off when the water boils. Semiconductor devices are also used to break the circuit, but they are rarely used in networks.

Markings on machines

All machine models have different designations by which they can be identified. Typically, most manufacturers prefer to produce designs that can be used in various conditions and industries.

In order to eliminate errors during connection, you should understand the markings on the body part:

Logo. Most often, you can find the manufacturer’s logo at the top of the machine. In addition, all brands produce products in a certain color range. This means that it will not be difficult for the average user to find the right option.
Indicator window. Determines the current state of contacts. If the switch breaks down, in this window you can see the voltage in the network or its absence.
Device type. In standard networks, machines of types C and B are usually used. They differ from each other in their sensitivity coefficient.
Rated current. The maximum current value is shown here. Often two values are indicated - for single-phase and three-phase networks.
Maximum permissible switching current. Indicates the voltage limit during a short circuit, due to which the machine turns off, but remains operational.
Scheme. Sometimes on the machine you can even find a contact connection drawing, which is located on the side.

Marking location

Electricity meter device

Electricity meters are used to record consumed electrical energy. Electricity meters are induction and electronic.

The measuring mechanism of an induction single-phase electric energy meter (an electrical measuring device of an induction system) consists of two electromagnets located at an angle of 90° to each other, in the magnetic field of which there is a light aluminum disk. The electrical energy meter device diagram is shown in the figure.

To connect the meter to the circuit, its current winding is connected to electrical receivers in series, and the voltage winding is connected in parallel. When an alternating current induction meter passes through the windings, alternating magnetic fluxes arise in the winding cores, which, penetrating the aluminum disk, induce eddy currents in it.

The interaction of eddy currents with the magnetic fluxes of electromagnets creates a force under the influence of which the disk rotates. The latter is connected to a counting mechanism that takes into account the rotation frequency of the disk, i.e. electrical energy consumption.

1 - current winding;
2 - voltage winding;
3 - worm mechanism;
4 — counting mechanism;
5 — aluminum disk;
b - magnet for braking the disk.

To account for consumed electricity in three-phase alternating current networks, three-phase induction electricity meters are used, the operating principle of which is similar to single-phase ones.

Currently, electronic (digital) electricity meters are becoming more and more widely used.

small overall dimensions;
no rotating parts;
possibility of metering electricity at several tariffs;
measurement of daily maximum load;
accounting of both active and reactive power;
higher accuracy class;
possibility of remote metering of electricity.

We connect a three-phase electric meter

There are two types of connection of a three-phase meter, direct and indirect, through isolating current transformers.

If it is necessary to take into account the consumption of a relatively small number of three-phase low-power consumers, then the electricity meter is installed directly into the gap in the supply wires.

If it is necessary to control sufficiently powerful consumers of a three-phase electrical network, and their currents exceed the rated value of the electric meter, then it is necessary to install additional current transformers.

For a private country house, or small production, it will be enough to install only one meter, designed for a maximum current of up to 50 amperes. Its connection is similar to that described above for a single-phase meter, but the difference is that when connecting a three-phase meter, a three-phase power supply is used. Accordingly, the number of wires and terminals on the meter will be greater.

Connecting a three-phase meter

Consider direct connection of the meter

The supply wires are stripped of insulation and connected to a three-phase circuit breaker. After the machine, three phase wires are connected to the 2, 4, 6 terminals of the electric meter, respectively. The output of phase wires is carried out to 1; 3; 5 terminals. Input Neutral wire is connected to terminal 7. Output to terminal 8.

After the meter, for protection, automatic switches are installed. For three-phase consumers, three-pole circuit breakers are installed.

More conventional, single-phase electrical appliances can also be connected to such a meter. To do this, you need to connect a single-pole circuit breaker from any outgoing phase of the meter, and take the second wire from the neutral grounding bus.

If you plan to install several groups of single-phase consumers, they must be evenly distributed by powering the circuit breakers from different phases after the meter.

Connection diagram for a three-phase electric meter

Indirect connection of the meter through current transformers

If the consumed load of all electrical appliances exceeds the rated current value that can pass through the meter, it is necessary to additionally install current isolating transformers.

Such transformers are installed in the gap of power current-carrying wires.

The current transformer has two windings, the primary winding is made in the form of a powerful bus threaded through the middle of the transformer; it is connected to the break in the power wires supplying electrical consumers. The secondary winding has a large number of turns of thin wire; this winding is connected to the electric meter.

Meter connected via current transformers

This connection is significantly different from the previous one; it is much more complex and requires special skills. We recommend inviting a qualified specialist to work on connecting a three-phase meter with current transformers. But if you are confident in your abilities and have similar experience, then this is a solvable task.

It is necessary to connect three current transformers, each for its own phase. Current transformers are mounted on the rear wall of the input cabinet. Their primary windings are connected after the input switch and a group of protective fuses, into the break of the phase power wires. A three-phase electric meter is installed in the same cabinet.

The connection is made according to the approved diagram.

Current transformer connection diagram

A wire with a cross section of 1.5 mm² is connected to the power wire of phase A, before the installed current transformer, its second end is connected to the 2nd terminal of the meter. Similarly, connect wires with a cross-section of 1.5 mm² to the remaining phases B and C; on the meter they go to terminals 5 and 8, respectively.

From the terminals of the secondary winding of the current transformer, phase A, wires with a cross section of 1.5 mm² go to the meter at terminals 1 and 3. The phasing of the winding connection must be observed, otherwise the meter readings will be incorrect. The secondary windings of transformers B and C are connected in a similar way; they are connected to the meter at terminals 4, 6 and 7, 9, respectively.

The 10th terminal of the electric meter is connected to the common neutral grounding bus.

How to install an electric meter in an apartment

Let's start with the installation of an input two-pole circuit breaker. Using a special latch located on the back wall of the machine, we install it on the upper DIN rail.

The next step is the installation of an electricity meter. On its back wall, just like on the machine, there is a latch for mounting on a DIN rail.

Now, we install outgoing single-pole circuit breakers. In our example, there will be two of them.

The installation of the modular equipment electricity meter is completed, let's proceed to the connection.

Rules for installing an electric meter

According to the PUE, a protective disconnecting device must be installed in front of the metering device (electricity meter). As a rule, in most cases, such a device is a two-pole circuit breaker.

protection of the electric meter from short circuit;
from fire due to exceeding the permissible load for which the meter is designed;
the ability to perform work on replacement and maintenance of the meter.

Limitation of permitted power (regulated by the rating of the circuit breaker). In our example, the input protective device will be installed directly in the apartment panel, box. Also, in some cases, it can be installed in the floor panel, on the landing. Here, the main criterion is the method and possibility of filling.

Everything in the box must be sealed. If the service organization has the ability to seal the circuit breaker, then it is mounted in a box; if not, then in a floor panel.

The machine is sealed with special stickers that are glued to the contact screws, top and bottom of the circuit breaker. The meter is sealed with plastic or lead seals.

How to install a two-tariff meter

When cold weather sets in, we try to heat our homes using boilers, air conditioners and other electrical appliances. Therefore, we have to pay a tidy sum for electricity. But no one knows that the tariff for electricity at night is much lower than the tariff during the day.

The advantage of using such counters is that they are more accurate and take into account all errors than the readings of a mechanical one.

It is necessary to write an application at the nearest regional energy department. To do this, prepare the following documents: a certificate from the gas office, a boiler passport, a boiler power supply project and technical specifications. You will receive a response letter to your application within some time, and maybe within a few days.
Purchase of a multi-tariff meter. If you buy a meter in a store, you can also program it there. In the same place you should be given a protocol for parameterizing the meter. With this protocol you go to the Distribution Zone. Here you will be asked to write a new application in which you ask to check the parameterization of the meter. This body sends an electronic application to the oblenergo to check the parameterization.
You are taking your new meter to the regional power company. There, for about half a day, they check the parameterization of the meter.
Go back to the distribution network, find the customer service department and write an application there to replace the meter. After which, you are assigned a person who will unseal and re-seal your meter.
After this entire procedure, you need to write an application to renew the agreement with the distribution network on the supply of electricity at new tariffs.
After that, you pick up a new counter.
And most importantly, don’t forget to pick up your new contract at the RES.

Scheme options

This is not to say that there is one specific pattern. Each case has its own characteristics, so connecting the RCD can be done in different ways. Firstly, the device is used in single-phase and three-phase voltage networks (these are two different circuits). Secondly, you can install an RCD at the entrance and thus protect the entire apartment from current leaks. And you can install devices for each individual line, thereby protecting only a certain section of the electrical network.

Video example of connecting an RCD in a single-phase network:

Since the circuit diagram for connecting an RCD has several options, it is very important that you can read them. Nowadays, the passports of many electrical household appliances and equipment indicate how and through what type of RCD they must be connected to the electrical network.

Let's look at how to properly connect an RCD using several general examples.

What is a single-phase network?

With a single-phase electrical network, consumers are powered through two conductors - a phase and a working zero. The rated voltage in such networks is 220 V.

A single-phase network can be of two-wire or three-wire design. In the first case, two conductors are used - phase and neutral; in the diagrams they are designated by the English letters “L” and “N”.

The second option, in addition to phase and zero, also provides for the presence of a protective grounding conductor (its designation is “PE”). The main function of this grounding wire is to further protect people from electric shock. Due to its connection to the housings of electrical appliances, in the event of a phase short circuit to the housing, the power supply will be cut off. This will save both human life and the equipment itself from burnout.

Now let’s talk about what the connection diagram for an RCD in a single-phase network might be.

Input connection (single-phase network)

In this case, the installation of the RCD is carried out in the panel after the introductory two-pole circuit breaker. Following the residual current device, outgoing circuit breakers are located. This circuit for switching on the RCD provides simultaneous protection against current leaks to all outgoing consumers.

The disadvantage of the scheme is that it is difficult to find the location of the damage. For example, a phase short circuit occurred to the metal body of some household appliance that is currently plugged into the outlet.

The RCD is triggered and the voltage in the apartment disappears. If at this time several devices were plugged into the sockets, then immediately identifying the damaged one will be problematic.

This scheme also has positive sides. Due to the fact that only one residual current device is used, installation of the distribution panel will be cheap, and it will be small in size.

Keep in mind that another type of such a circuit has become widespread; in it, it is customary to install an electrical energy meter between the input circuit breaker and the RCD.

Connection at the input and output lines (in a single-phase network)

With this version of the circuit, the RCD is installed after the input circuit breaker and also on each outgoing line.

We’ll talk about what selectivity is a little lower.

For example, there was a current leak on one of the outgoing lines. The device that protects this particular group should operate.

If for some reason the RCD does not work, then after a certain time (this is called a time delay) the general RCD at the input will turn off; it, as it were, protects the outgoing one.

The undoubted advantage of such a scheme is that at the moment of damage only the emergency line will be turned off, and the voltage supply will not stop in the rest of the apartment.

The disadvantages of such a scheme are the large dimensions of the distribution panel and the high cost (the RCD is not a cheap thing, and with this option you will need several of them).

The video shows a comparison of several connection schemes:

https://youtube.com/watch?v=EQs-iqz-kAE

You can save a little and omit the single-phase RCD at the input in this scheme, that is, install only group devices on the outgoing lines. Many electricians generally consider an introductory RCD to be a waste of money, because each line already has its own protection. But as we said above, it is a kind of safety net in case the group device fails. Therefore, it all depends on your financial capabilities. If you have money, install a circuit with an RCD at the input. If it’s so expensive, install only outgoing devices, that will also be great. Many people do not install an RCD at all, preferring to save money on their own safety.

Power supply design diagram

It is used when the construction of a house has already been completed: in this case, all power loads on the electrical network are calculated, and based on the calculation results, protection devices (automatic protection relays) and cable cross-sections are selected.

As a rule, a calculated single-line diagram of electrical wiring in a private house is a kind of instruction for installing cables for a specific private house.

Note: a correctly selected single-line power supply diagram will help create all the conditions for fire safety of the facility and increase the level of electrical safety of people.

Drawing up a single-line diagram of electrical networks must be carried out taking into account all existing loads; the diagram must indicate all power values with mandatory marking of electrical panels and the location of the input distribution devices (input distribution devices). The ASU must also contain information about the values of the installed, one-time and permitted (operating) current powers, the length of the electrical cables and the number of cores in the cross-section.

It is also mandatory to have electrical cabinets with their obligatory location.

Important: the diagram must indicate ALL references to the size and distance of electrical power equipment and the length (meterage) of electrical cables.

Installation diagram

Connection diagram for a single-phase electric meter. (Click to enlarge) The connection diagram is universal for all types of electricity meters and does not depend on the manufacturer and model of the device.

Almost all brands have four terminals. The markings may differ in different models, but the connection diagram should remain the same.

Phase wires that are white, black or brown are connected to terminals 1 and 2. Neutral cables (blue or dark blue) are connected to terminals 3 and 4.

If the electric meter has additional terminals, then they are intended for servicing the device or are provided for automation or other purposes. For proper operation, the electric meter must always be installed and interact with the RCD.

Also, when connecting, it is recommended to use a two-pole input circuit breaker, which is installed in front of the meter.

With this connection scheme, in the event of an accident, not only the phase wire, but also the input wire is broken.

In addition, lighting can be connected to the RCD. Like the meter, the switch must be sealed. Due to the fact that this is impossible to do on it, you need to buy a shield (box) to install it in the house, separately in an apartment or on the street.

Connection diagram for a single-phase motor with a starting winding

How to determine the working and starting windings of a single-phase motor

Single-phase motors are low-power electrical machines. The magnetic circuit of single-phase motors contains a two-phase winding, consisting of a main winding and a starting winding.

Two windings are needed to cause the rotor of a single-phase motor to rotate. The most common motors of this type can be divided into two groups: single-phase motors with a starting winding and motors with a running capacitor.

For engines of the first type, the starting winding is switched on through a capacitor only at the time of start-up and after the engine has developed a normal rotation speed, it is disconnected from the network. The motor continues to operate with one working winding. The size of the capacitor is usually indicated on the motor nameplate and depends on its design.

For single-phase asynchronous AC motors with a running capacitor, the auxiliary winding is permanently connected through a capacitor. The value of the working capacitance of the capacitor is determined by the design of the engine.

That is, if the auxiliary winding of a single-phase motor is starting, its connection will occur only during the start-up, and if the auxiliary winding is a capacitor, then its connection will occur through a capacitor, which remains turned on during engine operation.

It is necessary to know the design of the starting and operating windings of a single-phase motor. The starting and operating windings of single-phase motors differ in both the cross-section of the wire and the number of turns. The working winding of a single-phase motor always has a larger wire cross-section, and therefore its resistance will be less.

Look at the photo and you can clearly see that the wire cross-sections are different. The winding with a smaller cross-section is the starting one. You can measure the resistance of the windings using dial and digital testers, as well as an ohmmeter. The winding with less resistance is the working one.

Rice. 1. Working and starting windings of a single-phase motor

Now here are a few examples you may encounter:

Advice

If the motor has 4 terminals, then having found the ends of the windings and after measuring, you can now easily figure out these four wires, less resistance is the working one, more resistance is the starting one. Everything is connected simply, 220V is supplied to the thick wires.

And one end of the starting winding, for one of the workers. On which of them there is no difference, the direction of rotation does not depend on it. It also depends on how you insert the plug into the socket.

The rotation will change depending on the connection of the starting winding, namely, by changing the ends of the starting winding.

Next example. This is when the motor has 3 terminals. Here the measurements will look like this, for example - 10 ohms, 25 ohms, 15 ohms. After several measurements, find the tip from which the readings, with two others, will be 15 ohms and 10 ohms. This will be one of the network wires.

The tip that shows 10 ohms is also the network one and the third 15 ohm will be the starting one, which is connected to the second network one through a capacitor. In this example, the direction of rotation, you will not change what it is and will be.

Here, in order to change the rotation, you will need to get to the winding diagram.

Another example when measurements can show 10 ohms, 10 ohms, 20 ohms. This is also one of the types of windings. These came on some models of washing machines, and not only that.

In these motors, the working and starting windings are the same (according to the design of three-phase windings). It makes no difference what kind of working winding you have and what kind of starting winding. Connecting the starting winding of a single-phase motor.

also carried out through a capacitor.

Source: https://studvesna73.ru/07/23/5772/

Connection steps

Electric meter installation

Initially, you need to calculate how many phases are in the home electrical network. The number of circuit breakers is selected for them. In the future, the device will be connected like this:

Fastening the device in the panel with special clamps.
Installing the rails onto the insulators with screws into the box.
Mounting circuit breakers on a rail and fixing them with a latch.
Fixing the earth and protection buses onto the rail or insulators in the shield so that there is a gap between them.
Connecting the load to the switches.
Connection of the machine with the meter.
Load connection.
Installation of connecting jumpers.
Connecting the meter to consumers.
Mounting the panel housing to the wall.
Inspect the wires for correct connections.

Minimum requirements for switchboard design

In addition to the importance of preliminary calculations, which we talked about above, when creating a shield diagram, it is necessary to take into account some nuances. In general, they do not require strict implementation, but when introduced into the design, they greatly increase its reliability and ease of use. On the one hand, you need to strive for simplicity of the device, on the other hand, do not neglect the advice of experienced specialists

First of all, this concerns the division of connections into several power lines. In an emergency, this approach allows you to quickly locate the location of the breakdown. An important point with several lines is the possibility of only partial loss of energy supply to the room.

On the one hand, you need to strive for simplicity of the device, on the other, do not neglect the advice of experienced specialists. First of all, this concerns the division of connections into several power lines. In an emergency, this approach allows you to quickly locate the location of the breakdown. An important point with several lines is the possibility of only partial loss of energy supply to the room.

This separation rule fully applies to circuit breakers. The optimal connection of machines in the distribution board is carried out according to the following scheme - each room separately. In this case, it is desirable that a separate circuit breaker be installed on the line of lights and sockets.

Panel with digital sensorsSource electrician-electromontazh-kazan.rf

The main connection of the machines in the panel is made through one central switch. Don’t forget about appliances with high energy consumption – cooktops, washing machines and the like. All of them are connected to the network through a separate machine.

Creating a drawing using specialized programs

The development of computer technology has greatly simplified the process of creating OSE. For these purposes, programs have been developed that allow you to complete a project in the shortest possible time in accordance with all state standards on a computer. Next, we will consider the most common options.

1 2 3 scheme

Belongs to the category of free software. Typically used by students and novice users. The program is Russified and available for download on the official website. With its help, you can select the series and size of the planned electrical panel housing, as well as designate each individual machine. The program is designed to create single-line apartment diagrams. To control functions, you only need to use the mouse.

Free program 1-2-3 scheme

XL Pro² by Legrand

Designed for designing electrical circuits using elements that are designed for low voltage. The following techniques can be used for the layout and placement of XL³ series enclosures and enclosures:

Select electrical components from Legrand from the list prepared by the program.
By forming a single-line diagram.

Design and calculation program for creating electrical cabinet diagrams XL PRO 2

The software is also free, but pre-registration is required. XL Pro² is able to automatically determine and place on the diagram the required type of distribution complex, and also indicate the cost of the equipment.

XL PRO³

Provides the possibility of using electrical circuit design techniques similar to the XL Pro² program. OSE can be assembled with elements from Legrand, which are designed for currents up to 6.3 kA. At the same time, there is a function for automatically adjusting the location of electrical equipment, selecting distribution panels with an indication of their cost. You can download XL PRO³ on the official website.

Legrand XL Pro³ visualization module

Rapsodie - distribution board layout

The program in question carries out the quick layout of low-voltage distribution cabinets from Schneider-Electric. In addition to the main elements, various additional accessories can be added to the circuit, with the possibility of adding missing types of electrical equipment. In this case, there is a function for automatically adjusting the configuration of previously selected elements of a single-line diagram. Ultimately, you can visualize the developed project, as well as display its cost, taking into account the costs of installation work.

Rapsodie comes in Russian with an accessible and understandable interface, with the ability to export or print the result. To use the product, you will need to first submit an application on the official website. After approval, the user completes a training course.

Schneider Electric Rapsodie program

To correctly draw the OSE, you will need to comply with established norms and rules. To do this, you need to study the relevant technical documentation. The use of current drawing programs helps to significantly speed up the process of creating a drawing.

Legality of self-connection

Connecting a residential electricity meter without sealing it is classified by the legislation of the Russian Federation as unmetered consumption. This means the absence of an agreement with the provider, independent installation or shutdown of the device, and failure to provide information about the amount of energy resources consumed. Sanctions in the form of a fine in the amount of 4 thousand rubles are applied to the violator. Basis – Art. 7.19 Code of Administrative Offences.

According to clauses 81 (8-9) and clause 81 (14) of Government Decree No. 354, citizens contact the energy sales office to sign an agreement and install a control seal. Only after installing the seals is it possible to connect the meter.

Sealing is a free procedure.

How to properly install an electric meter

Installation and connection of electricity metering devices is carried out in accordance with Chapter 1.5 of the PUE.

State verification period

When purchasing an electric meter and installing it, you should check the presence of a state verification seal and its date. This seal is located on the body of the device, unlike the electric company seal located on the terminal block.

The quarter is indicated in Roman numerals, and the year of the state verification date is indicated in Arabic numerals on the reverse side. According to the PUE, the period between state verification and sealing of the meter at the installation site should be no more than a year for a 3-phase device and two for a single-phase device. Whether the device was in operation does not matter.

Electric meter installation

Despite the fact that installation of such devices is allowed at a height of 0.8-1.7 meters, most often it is done so that the display is at a level convenient for taking readings and checking the integrity of seals.

The meter is installed vertically, with a maximum deviation of 1°. This rule was established for induction meters, the accuracy of which depended on position, but was not canceled with the advent of electronic devices, for which this does not matter.

Primary requirements

The basic rules for installing and connecting metering devices are determined by paragraphs. 1.5.27-1.5.29 PUE.

According to these rules, the electric meter must be located in a place convenient for both home owners and electric company inspectors. Most often it is installed in the corridor or at the front door. You should also take into account external conditions - temperature, humidity and others. In Soviet-built multi-story buildings, such devices were located in a panel at the entrance.

How to connect an electricity meter in a private house on the street

The rules for installing an electric meter in a private house on the street do not differ from the rules for indoor installation. However, at low temperatures, the device may display incorrect data. Therefore, for outdoor installation, according to PUE 1.5.27, the shield must be insulated and heated.

In addition, not only the owners and inspectors, but also unauthorized persons will have access to the shield. Despite this, in some cases, energy supply companies require that the panel be installed outdoors. This makes it easier to monitor the integrity of seals and take readings.

Types of electricity meters

induction;
electronic.

An induction-type electric meter operates on the principle of a magnetic field generated by two coils: voltage and current. The magnetic field acts on the disk and causes it to rotate.

The disk, in turn, drives the counting mechanism. As the voltage and current in the network increase, the disk will rotate faster and increase the energy consumption readings.

The accuracy of such devices leaves much to be desired and is equal to 2.5. But such meters are considered one of the most reliable; it’s not for nothing that they have a 15-year warranty.

Electronic electricity meters are devices that act directly by measuring current and voltage in the network. It does not have any intermediate links or mechanisms, so there is no loss of accuracy either. The parameters are displayed on the display and stored in the meter’s memory in digital form.

compact dimensions;
function of accounting at several tariffs;
possibility of additional installation of a microcircuit to increase the accuracy class;
accurate and quick determination of readings, since the device is equipped with a digital display;
it is very difficult to deceive such a counter, due to the possibility of self-correction of readings;
a standard, common interface allows the meters to be used in automatic accounting and control systems.

Among the disadvantages, it should be noted the lack of reliability in comparison with induction-type meters, as well as the increased cost.

Connecting the Mercury 201 meter

Before installing and connecting the electric meter, you need to carefully read the operating instructions, the device data sheet, and study the direct connection diagram.

Contact for entering a phase from an external network (220V) into an apartment or house. The input wire comes from the power supply company.
Contact for phase exit inside an apartment or house. For the output, you can use a ShVVP type wire.
Terminal for connecting zero from an external network to an apartment or house.
The zero output terminal is further towards the load, that is, inside the apartment or house.
Connecting the wires should be done in the same sequence.

Important to remember! Before connecting the meter, it is necessary to de-energize the system by turning off the machine, plugs, switch (if they are installed between the main trunk line and the meter). If the input cable goes directly to the meter, disconnect the supply line.

The connected wires are neatly laid out; for this purpose, the terminal cover has perforated cells for breaking out. The cover is screwed to fit tightly to the meter body.

You should check the connection diagram again and install the cover. Then, a representative of the network organization that provides the supply and metering of electricity seals the Mercury 201 meter. For this purpose, there is a special hole in the meter.

When the meter is connected to the mains, the red indicator light lights up.

Energy meter single-phase

Energy meter CE 101

The single-phase meter model Energomera CE 101 is one of the most common metering devices. This simple and reliable device with a 5-year warranty period enjoys a good reputation among users.

According to the principle of operation, Energomer CE 101 is an electronic device in which the measured voltage and current are multiplied using sigma-delta modulation. The signal is then converted into a value that is proportional to power. The signal is pulsed in nature, and the pulses are summed by an electromechanical type counting device or microcontroller.

The result is displayed on the rotating reels or on the LCD screen. There can be one or two current circuits. If there are two, the highest current is recorded. The Energomer ce101 meter is a modern device that has the ability to connect the meter to ASKUE (automated metering) systems or for testing operations.

Devices with LCD have a memory that does not depend on the presence of power, which allows you to save measured values when disconnected from the power supply, and a liquid crystal display with displayed information. If the display is damaged, the data can be read after connecting a working screen.

Connection to automated accounting systems is carried out using special terminals on the front part of the housing, closed with a plastic cover.

The counter CE 101 is equipped with light indicators. Some devices have two LEDs: “Network” and “A”. The lighting of one of them, with the inscription “Network”, indicates that the device is connected to the power supply. The second blinks when the load is connected.

when there is no load, it lights up evenly;
When a load appears, the LED starts blinking, the blinking frequency is proportional to the load current.

Some models have a “Robr” indicator. When it lights up, it indicates that the reverse power is counting down.

Due to incorrect connection of the Energomera CE 101 meter. You should check the diagram and check the reliability of the connected contacts.
There is a malfunction in the device or in the LED itself. The device must be sent for repair.

When the “Network” indicator is on and the counting mechanism does not work, the device must also be sent for repair.

a measuring module in the form of a printed circuit board that converts power into a pulse signal;
one or two current sensors (current transformers, shunts).

The single-phase meter Energomer is connected according to a unified scheme. At the entrance to the apartment's electrical network there are two (phase neutral) or three (phase, neutral, ground) wires. First you need to choose the option of how to connect the meter using a single-pole or double-pole circuit breaker.

S6 – direct installation on the panel wall;
R5 – installation on DIN rail.

1 – phase wire of the input cable;
3 – phase wire going to the load;
4 – “zero” wire of the input cable;
5 – wire “zero” load.

In documentation, these four pins are sometimes designated: 1, 2, 3, 4.

Important! If there are three wires at the entrance to the apartment’s single-phase network, the “ground” wire is not used when connecting the electric meter; it is connected to a grounding device.

When executing the circuit using a single-pole circuit breaker, only the phase wire must be connected through it, and the neutral wire must be connected directly. But the use of a two-pole device with both phase and zero inserted through it is preferable, since in emergency situations the neutral conductor may be under high voltage.

Important! If a connection diagram with a two-pole circuit breaker is used, two single-pole devices cannot be used instead.

depending on the modification, mounting screws, DIN rail;
the counter itself;
automatic switches for installation in front of the meter and for load distribution after the meter;
copper wire for installation with a diameter of 1 to 6 mm;
voltage indicators;
working tools (pliers, screwdrivers, etc.).

Important! Before starting work, you must remove power from the input cable and check the absence of voltage with an indicator or multimeter.

Mark where the metering device and machines will be located. Counters should not be placed below 160 cm from the floor or other base, otherwise it will be inconvenient to read the information.
Using a level, check whether the future installation is horizontal and drill the mounting holes.
The meter is installed first, then the circuit breakers are mounted on the panel wall or DIN rail.
The input and load cables are inserted into the panel with the meter. When installing outside buildings, sealing glands must be installed at the entry points.
Carefully separate the wires and remove the insulating coating approximately 300 mm from their ends.
Make wires of the required length to assemble the electrical circuit between the meter and the machines and mark them to facilitate connection to the right places.
Before connecting the input cable, apply the supply voltage and check the location of the phase and neutral wires with an indicator. Then turn off the voltage again.
Connect the input cable to a two-pole circuit breaker: top right - phase cable, left - neutral. If using a single-pole circuit breaker, insert a phase conductor through it.

Shield installation

The shield for the meter and automation consists of 2 parts: an outer protective cover with a door and an inner part with 1 or several rails, as well as a zero bus, since according to the rules, the supply zero is distributed between all outgoing wires with its help.

You need to remove the top panel from the shield by unscrewing 4 bolts. Then - installation on the wall. There should be no distortions when marking and fixing. The height of the meter according to the PUE indoors is 0.8–1.7 m from the floor for convenient reading of indicators and visual control of the display. As a rule, the equipment is placed at eye level - 1.6–1.7 m. Next, we attach it to the wall, using, depending on its material, dowels for concrete, drywall, self-tapping screws for wood.

The correct installation of an electric meter must be carried out according to the rules contained in the PUE standards, which state that devices such as automatic machines are located outside the apartment (common corridor, staircase). Accordingly, the same arrangement is most appropriate for an accounting device.

Installation in difficult conditions

How to connect machines with your own hands, an electric meter in the country, in difficult conditions, for example, on a pole, is carried out according to the usual rules. Shields are used for outdoor installation, protected, often made of metal.

Installing an electric meter in a private house on poles or on the street involves doing the following (links to PUE):

cables on a pole in a protective sheath, boxes, channels;
a lockable cabinet with a window at the level of the dial (clause 1.5.30);
to the terminal box 0.8–1.7 m. May be less than 0.8 m, but not less than 0.4 m. The height is sometimes increased according to the instructions of energy sales specialists if there is a technical need to protect the equipment and under similar circumstances;
heated shield if electricity is generated by a power plant generator (clause 1.5.30) with protection no worse than IP X4. However, the heating rule is an outdated one - if the temperature of the product allows it, then it can be installed without this option. For example, Mercury 206 can operate at −45… +45° C;
introductory machine at a distance of at least 10 m (clauses 7.1.36 and 1.5.36);
grounding for metal cabinets is mandatory (usually a pin driven into the ground);
after the meter in the house there is an introductory RCD with a rating of up to 300 mA (clause 7.1.84).

Methods of fastening and how to install an electric meter in a private house on non-standard structures are any that provide a level position, stability, reliability, support: metal clamps, brackets, frames, thick mounting strips with clamps.

Executive power supply diagram

As mentioned above, a do-it-yourself executive single-line power supply diagram can only be done for an existing (working) installation, which means that the house must already be built. As a rule, in this case, the owner of a private house must obtain from the design organization the results of a survey of the building in order to design a suitable layout of electrical supply elements.

In addition, a detailed study of the general condition of the building reveals various defects in the construction and structure of the building, which helps to prevent the destruction of the building envelope in a timely manner.

On the technical side, the purpose of developing a project for power supply and using a single-line diagram is a detailed illustration of the method of powering a house from a main cable.