Toilet siphons: description and rules of use

Everyone is well aware of the Telegram messenger. A very convenient and pleasant chat in every sense. Well, of course, this is the brainchild of Mr. Durov, the creator of the famous social network “VKontakte”. He couldn't afford to create squalor.

Now Telegram has become not only a means of communication. It has a huge amount of entertaining content. These are channels that have everything: from cutting and sewing courses to porn for every taste. People are interested not only in funny cats. People demand “bread and circuses.” What's the most sticky thing? Of course, private life. For those who like to peep into other people's windows, drainage channels have appeared.

Leaking is the publication of classified information: home photos/video materials, correspondence, contacts and everything like that. For those curious, we have made a selection of the most popular telegram channels for leaking.

Connecting a wall-hung toilet

In order for the mounted product to withstand its own weight and the weight of a person sitting on it, installation to the wall is carried out using a special durable mounting frame

In order for the mounted product to withstand its own weight and the weight of a person sitting on it, installation to the wall is carried out using a special durable mounting frame. In this case, the water is drained through a horizontal pipe going into the wall.

The sequence of actions is as follows:

1. After installing the frame, which has a special hole for the sewer outlet, the device is hung on steel studs. They help securely fix and hold the bowl.
2. Using a cuff, the toilet outlet and a section of pipe coming from the riser are connected. The connection is sealed with silicone.

Why do you need an elastic cuff ↑

All pipes are equipped with an elastic cuff that fits over the toilet outlet. It ensures tightness, tightly enveloping the ceramics and allows, if necessary, to shift the axis of the pipe by a small angle. Separate additional cuffs are also produced, used in conjunction with the pipe. They allow you to further increase the inclination of the input and output axes.

Another type of cuff makes it possible to do without a pipe altogether; they replace it. They are used in cases where the axes and angles of inclination of the toilet and sewer outlets coincide, and the holes are close. Mainly, it is a horizontal and vertical scheme.

Elastic cuff with eccentric

Preparatory work for installation

Regardless of what will cover the floor (tiles or regular screed), you need to wait time for the mixture to dry on the floor surface. This will take about a week. This is due to the fact that the toilet is fixed using fasteners and dowels, which require a reliable and solid base. In this situation, the hardened solution will act as a similar base.

Next, you should prepare those participating in the communication installation process. The area where the drain will be connected must be cleared of various contaminants and salt deposits in advance. Otherwise, it will not be possible to connect the toilet to the sewer riser as needed. That is, the corner or corrugation in the outlet cup will not fit tightly, and a leak will definitely appear.

A tap should also be installed at the connection point of the drain tank so that it is possible to carry out repair and cleaning work without completely turning off the water.

Installing a drain for a shower stall with your own hands: step-by-step instructions

The installation procedure depends on the type of drainage structure chosen, however, there are general recommendations that improve the quality of the work performed. If the siphon or drain is installed incorrectly, the risk of flooding or sewer gases entering the room increases.

Installation of a shower channel

This system is laid under the floor. Before installation, the grille is covered with masking tape.

The work order includes the following steps:

1. Preparation of the external surfaces of the canal. Sanding with sandpaper improves the adhesion of plastic to cement mortar. After roughening the surface, wipe it with a degreaser.
2. Securing the channel. At this stage, a bracket is used. The water collection tray is grounded. The sewer pipe requires rigid fixation, because it will experience stress when a person is in the shower room. One end of the corrugated tube is connected to the sewer line, the other to the channel pipe. The hose is inserted into the holes until it stops. Before installation, the surface of the tube is treated with sealant.
3. Connecting a tray for water drainage. To do this, use a pipe with smooth internal surfaces.
4. Elimination of gaps between the channel and the pedestal. The thickness of the cement layer is selected taking into account the type of tile being laid.
5. Floor covering. The height of the tiles should overlap the edges of the channel. The material is laid starting from the drain hole. Form a slope of 1 cm/m. The joints of the tiles and the decorative grille are cleaned of cement and sealed with sealant. After the composition has dried, the cabin becomes ready for use.

When laying a duct system, the following points are taken into account:

1. The distance between the drain outlet and the sewer line should be minimal.
2. Before installation, the drain capacity is determined. The tray is placed on the floor, after which water is supplied under pressure.
3. To connect structural elements, hoses with a cross-section of at least 40 mm are used.
4. The duct system located close to the door is equipped with a sectional grille.

Installation of water drainage drain

We follow all the rules when installing the ladder.

This plumbing fixture is installed in the same way as a duct device. Cheap ladders do not have latches. To hold the body in its normal position, improvised materials are used - tiles, bricks.

You cannot fix the drain with foam, because... it fails under load.

The cement screed gives the structure horizontal stability. The formation of the floor is carried out in stages. Watching the appropriate video will help you complete this stage of work correctly.

Installing a siphon on a pallet

A correctly assembled siphon for draining a shower stall.
The process of installing a siphon on a low or high tray cabin includes the following steps:

1. Connecting the drain outlet to the water seal. The pipe is equipped with a conical rubber seal. The narrow part is left at the neck. The outer surfaces of the gasket are coated with sealant. One end of the pipe is inserted into the flask or elbow tube all the way. Fixation is ensured by tightening the nut.
2. Installation of the plug. A sealant is applied to the water seal pipe. Screw on the plug. If such a detail is not provided for in the siphon design, this step is skipped.
3. Neck connection. A gasket is installed between the pipe and this part. The nut is tightened until it stops. At this stage, make sure that the seal does not move. If this happens, you need to unscrew the nut and return the gasket to its original position.
4. Installing a siphon on a pallet. The neck is aligned with the hole, the drain hose is connected to the sewer line. The upper part of the plumbing fixture is secured with a screw. A sealant is preliminarily placed under the neck.
5. Arrangement of a drain-overflow system. This stage is performed when installing a high pallet. The hole in the wall of the container is combined with a flexible tube connected to the water seal.

Advantages of siphon-type toilets

• Pleasant appearance, since the pipes are hidden in the floor.
• The bowl of an American-style toilet is almost half full. This prevents inconvenience caused by unnecessary bursts. Also, during each flush, the water covers the entire area of ​​​​the bowl, and this allows it to remain clean.
• Quiet operation.
• Compact size. A toilet with a vertical outlet is more compact and is great for saving space.
• Variety of models. You can choose a toilet with decorative elements that match the design of the bathroom.
• Keeping the bowl clean. American toilets have what is called dual flush, which means they can flush with different levels of water depending on the type of waste, both liquid and solid. This function is great for saving water, since the maximum amount of water per flush is 11-22 liters.
• Often instead of a regular lever there is a button. This makes the appearance more attractive

American standard toilets undoubtedly have many advantages. Unfortunately, they are very difficult to find in Russia and Europe, since these countries have a slightly different pipe system. However, it is still possible to install such a toilet, but it will cost a lot of money.

Siphon toilets in Russia

However, European toilets often have a horizontal or "oblique" release due to European regulations and do not have the "siphon" effect of sucking the contents out of the toilet bowls. Until recently, it was believed that siphoning toilets were only suitable for rooms in which the sewer system “goes to the floor.” But developments and products have already appeared on sale, proving that under certain conditions it is possible to make a siphon-type toilet with a horizontal outlet.

By European compact toilets we mean toilets that are structurally adapted to the installation of a sewer network above interfloor ceilings, in contrast to American toilets adapted to the installation of a sewer network under ceilings. Thanks to the latter, in American toilets, to ensure high-quality flushing of the bowl’s contents into the sewer network, the so-called “siphon” effect is used, which, at the time of flushing, easily sucks out all the contents from the toilet bowl and unhinderedly sends it into the sewer. American siphon toilets were the first toilets with relatively good flushing quality.

In European funnel-type toilets, in order to transport the contents of the toilet bowl into the sewer, the main flow of water flowing from the flush tank is usually formed in such a way that it pushes the contents of the bowl into the outlet channel and further into the sewer.

European toilets have S-shaped outlets, which are mistakenly called "siphons". However, the height of the end of the outlet pipe in such a toilet is approximately at the level of the water in the toilet bowl or slightly higher. Therefore, the siphon effect does not appear in such a toilet when flushing water.

It was “reset to zero” during the transition to the European sewerage distribution system over interfloor ceilings, and the outlet channel only serves as a water seal, preventing the penetration of gases from the sewer network into the living space. It should be noted that, once indoors, these gases can be fatal.

True, sellers of American toilets with a siphon flushing effect, when selling a toilet in Russia, can, for a fee, raise the floor by 150–200 mm in the toilet room and solve the problem of installing American toilets in rooms with a European sewer pipe distribution system.

Specialists from the South Korean company SensPa managed to create a line of Serim siphon toilets with horizontal outlet. The toilet outlet is directed not to the floor, but to the wall, and is located at a height of 100 mm from the floor surface.

Source

What to look for when choosing?

Before you go shopping for a unit, you need to decide what characteristics the pump should have, how and where it will be used, and what devices will be connected.

1. Performance. The most important parameter. It depends on how the device will cope with the tasks assigned to it. For a family of 4 people, a capacity of about 25 cubic meters per hour is sufficient.
2. Diameter of connected pipes. This is a matter of compatibility between the pump and household appliances, as well as the sewer system. The fewer adapters you need, the better. It is better to determine the diameter of the drains in advance. Most often, units with an outlet pipe diameter of 80 mm are purchased, since even non-crushed waste passes through such an opening without any problems.
3. Temperature regime. It is necessary to decide in advance how the device will be used. If only for washing dishes, fruits and vegetables, then it is not necessary to take a heat-resistant device. However, it is better that the pump has a temperature reserve so that later you can connect a washing machine or dishwasher to it without any problems.
4. The type of pipe connection depends on how they are located in the apartment. It is better to avoid unnecessary adapters and connections.
5. Availability of shredders. It is better to have them, because when cooking and washing dishes, organic waste will almost certainly get into the pump. If there are no knives, it may become clogged. And it will be worse to cope with your functions.
6. How long can the pump run without interruption? This is especially important if you have a large family and it takes a lot of time to wash dishes, or if you have a dishwasher or washing machine connected.

USEFUL INFORMATION: Metal siphon for sink: chrome, bronze, stainless steel

Installation on different editions of toilets

A siphon toilet is installed depending on the type of location of the drain pipe. It happens:

• Horizontal. The toilet drain is placed parallel to the floor. Distance from the floor 180 mm. Used in cases where the sewer inlet is located horizontally in the wall. This type is typical for European countries.
• Vertical. The drain is located parallel to the wall. The entrance to the sewer is located in the floor. Used in the USA and Canada. And also in our pre-war buildings, which have not yet undergone major repairs.
• Obliquely. This type is most widely used in domestic buildings. The inlet is located at an angle of 15° - 30° to the floor. Imported toilets rarely have a similar release.
• Universal. The horizontal type is taken as a basis, but the edge of the outlet is slightly distant from the rear edge of the toilet. This makes it possible to use any of the existing types of pipes in free space: straight into the wall or L-shaped, which goes into the floor. You can also use a curved siphon for an oblique release. Most of the toilets on the market have this type of design, which allows them to be combined with all sewerage layouts.

The toilet in the bathroom of the house is selected according to the location of the existing entrance to the sewer. For example, when installing a device with a horizontal outlet into a sewer hole in the floor, it will move far away from the wall. Thus, the overall appearance of the room will deteriorate. If you have an inclined entrance, it is better to use a toilet with an oblique or universal outlet.

Depending on the type of toilet, different types of siphons are used:

Rigid non-bending pipe. Used when the toilet flush coincides with the entrance to the sewer. Deviation from the axis should not exceed 10° degrees. They have the form of a straight pipe for horizontal connection or an L-shaped pipe for vertical connection to the sewer.

A rigid siphon is designed to connect plumbing equipment with a horizontal outlet and an oblique inlet to the sewer. Assembly and installation of the siphon requires a certain angle of inclination and height of the sewer inlet.

• Non-bending siphon with offset center. Used when there is insignificant difference between the outlet of the device and the input to the system.
• Articulating and rotating pipe. It has a fairly high cost. Used for rotation angles up to 15°. In some cases, a bend in the pipe is noticeable.
• Corrugated tube. Makes it possible to install the device when the axis of its drainage and the entrance to the sewer system do not coincide. The disadvantage is the ribbed inner surface, which leads to the accumulation of fat and other deposits.

How to choose the right toilet parts

If elements of the drain system fail, it is important to choose the correct option that will correspond to the factory configuration. The units may differ in the material they are made of. Products made of bronze and brass are considered the highest quality and most durable. However, they are characterized by high cost.

The repair kit for the toilet is selected based on the model of the tank. Important parameters are the location of the inlet, its size, the diameter of the drain opening and the overall dimensions of the device, which must fit freely into the tank. The flush mechanism for a toilet can be represented by a single design or consist of separate (drain and fill) devices. The second option significantly facilitates and simplifies the process of replacing products.

If elements of the drain mechanism break down, the repair kit is selected based on the model of the tank

When choosing a valve, you should pay attention to the quality of the product. The mechanism must operate under its own weight. It is necessary that all its components are movable, move smoothly and unhindered. There should be no jamming of any kind.

When choosing a drain mechanism, you should carefully inspect the elements. They must have a solid body, free from chips and cracks, and the correct geometric shape, which will contribute to efficient and uninterrupted operation. Spare parts for toilets made from high-quality material have a high cost.

Seals and gaskets should be purchased from silicone. Such products, unlike rubber ones, are characterized by strength, reliability and durability. Elements are checked for compression and bending. They should not be deformed or cracked.

Helpful advice! The best performance and strength properties are provided by sealing elements, in the manufacture of which rubber is added to enhance elasticity.

New mechanism parts must be of high quality, without chips or cracks.

Operating principle

Despite the wide variety of new plumbing products offered for purchase by manufacturers in different countries, the mechanism for flushing with a button in each of them has an almost identical design. This makes servicing easier. And if a malfunction occurs, a damaged drain mechanism can be found in almost any store.

The flush mechanism using a button is a structure consisting of a number of parts. Visible elements of this drain system include:

• drain tank with a capacity of up to 8 l;
• a drain tank cover located on the top of the tank (a push-button drain mechanism is built into it);
• buttons (their number depends on the type of drain button mechanism, which usually includes either one or two of these elements).

In addition to external parts, the compact toilet cistern flush mechanism is equipped with the following internal parts:

• filling (inlet) valve;
• outlet fittings (exhaust rod valve);
• float bulb (or simply float);
• overflow tube.

The mechanism of operation of the push-button drain system is that water initially flows into the tank using the valve responsible for filling. The float inside the tank is at the bottom at this time. When the water level in the tank begins to rise, the float will also rise.

When the water level reaches a certain level, the float, using a special lever on the clamp, will close the filling valve and the water supply will stop.

To bring the drain mechanism into working condition, you must press the button located on the lid of the drain tank. At the same time, the drain valve opens and liquid enters the toilet bowl, performing the flushing function. The float mechanism moves down, slightly opening the valve designed to admit water. This is how the one-button mechanism for draining water works.

The operation scheme of the two-button mechanism looks somewhat different. The tank with this design has not one, but two drain holes. When you press the smaller button (key), the seal of the first drain channel rises. When this circuit operates, the liquid from the tank is only drained by half. When the second button, usually larger than the first, is pressed, the valve on the second drain hole opens.

Types of toilet flush valve as a system overflow control mechanism

The toilet cistern flush valve can be a float or membrane shut-off device. Models of the first option may differ in structure and principle of operation. Old tanks were equipped with Croydon valves, which consisted of a body, piston, axle, seat and float lever. When the float lever was acted upon, the mechanism began to function. In this case, the piston moved vertically.

Most modern drain mechanisms are equipped with a piston valve, which moves horizontally when the lever is pressed. The water supply is regulated by the contact of the piston and the seat. When the container is filled, the inlet hole is closed using a gasket located at the end of the piston.

The diaphragm valve is not equipped with a piston gasket, but with a rubber or silicone membrane. When a lever acts on it, the plastic piston begins to displace the membrane, which closes the water supply.

The drain valve can be equipped with a membrane or float mechanism

Important! The diaphragm valve facilitates quick and silent filling of the tank.

The disadvantage of this element is the greater sensitivity of the product to dirt and the presence of impurities in water. The diaphragm valve will quickly lose its operational properties due to poor quality water in the system. A mechanical cleaning filter will help avoid problems.

There are floatless options for the drain system. The water supply to them is stopped due to the presence of a special chamber shaped like an inverted glass.

Material for making toilet flush valves

Expensive models of toilet flush systems are made of bronze or brass. These materials are characterized by strength, reliability, corrosion resistance, and the ability to withstand mechanical and chemical loads. The design can be either simple or complex. Metal filling is found in expensive collectible models, which are produced with a certain stylization.

Most drain valves are made from polymers

In other cases, bronze and brass can be used in the manufacture of only the fill valve, which makes the shut-off and drain system universal, easy to install, configure, repair, and allows you to replace each unit individually.

Many valve models are made from polymers. The quality of plastic and precision of production affect the cost of the product. The more expensive the fittings, the more reliable and durable the drainage system will be. However, there are high-quality models that have an affordable price.

Price

According to consumer reviews and expert opinion, the following bidet siphons have proven themselves to be the best:

• plastic white Viega model – 360-365 rubles;
• Czech chrome model Alсаlast – 600-650 rubles;
• Swedish model Geberit – 650-700 rubles;
• German chrome model Kludi – 900-950 rubles;
• brass model Viega – 930-950 rubles;
• German chrome model Hansgrohe (Axor) – 1500 rubles;
• Italian model Migliore Riсambi – about 3 thousand rubles;
• Italian chrome model Vandini - about 2800-2900 rubles;
• Italian model Bugnatese - about 4 thousand rubles;
• German Grohe - about 1700-1800 rubles.

Turkish models are very well adapted for working in Russian conditions, which are represented by a drain pipe and rigid pipes, are chrome-plated with an anti-corrosion layer and are suitable for height adjustment within 140 mm.

Plum wine with alcohol yeast

If you decide to make wine from plums, try not to pick them in rainy weather. Good wine comes from plums that have been tanned in the sun. Well, if the weather in summer turns out to be rainy, then you will have to add yeast or raisins to the wine. These products are responsible for the fermentation of the wort. Below is a recipe for plum wine with yeast.

Components:

• Yeast – 1 pc. (small pack).
• Plums – 1.95 kg
• Sugar – 2.2 kg
• Warm boiling water – 4.2 l

Dark plum wine
Process:

1. Clean the plums from dirt, pour warm boiled water, crush them with your hands, let them stand in the container for about eight days in a warm, dry place and ferment.
2. Remove the mold formed on top, and separate the juice from the pulp, or rather squeeze it through a rag.
3. Add sugar, yeast, pour into a bottle. Close with a water seal. Let the wine ferment. The fermentation process will end when air bubbles stop being released.
4. After this, the wine is allowed to sit for a week to allow the remaining plum pulp to settle.
5. Afterwards, the wine is bottled and sealed, and allowed to clear further in a dark, cold place for a year.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of toilet models with horizontal (parallel to the floor) outlet include the following features and factors:

• fits even where previously there was a toilet with an oblique type outlet (that is, there is versatility);
• it is possible to connect not only to a horizontal sewer pipe, but also directly to a vertical riser using adapters;
• mounted close to the wall without taking up extra space;
• low cost;
• wide model range.

There are also many disadvantages:

• attachment of the installation site to one of the walls of the room - the one where the sewer pipeline passes;
• relative complexity of installation, especially in terms of connecting the outlet to the sewer;
• careful sealing of the connection points between the outlet and the sewer main, the need to monitor for leaks during the first time after installation;
• Possibility of clogging of the outlet channel.

Criteria for choosing a tankless drain

Before choosing a specific toilet drainer model, it is necessary to assess the quality of the water supply network at the installation site. For example, in country cottages a frequent decrease in water pressure is possible. In city highways, the pressure is usually stable, but on the upper floors of multi-story buildings, a temporary drop in the indicator is also possible. In this case, it is recommended to choose a device that can operate normally at pressures below 1 atmosphere. Otherwise, you will have to install additional pumps to maintain water pressure, and this is an extra expense.

The further choice depends on the purposes for which a tankless flush system is selected.

Installation method

Two versions of such systems are available. The external one is suspended above the toilet and is openly attached to the toilet wall. The distance from the wall to the outer edge of the cylinder does not exceed 10 cm. The small size of the dryer and its beautiful design with chrome plating will not spoil the design of the toilet. But if you want to completely remove this part of the plumbing, then you need to choose a copy that will be built behind the false panel. Only the button or control lever will remain outside. Installation of this model is more difficult than the external version.

Device material

The body and internal parts of the drukspühler are usually made of metal. But there are also cheap models made of plastic. Although metal is considered a more suitable material for such plumbing fixtures, plastic options have proven to be reliable.

Flush adjustment

One of the purposes of installing a drain device without a tank may be to reduce water consumption. Then it is preferable to use models with two-mode drainage - normal and reduced.

If you intend to determine for yourself how much water is required for one rinsing cycle, then it is better to choose a dryer with adjustment of this parameter. You just need to take into account that the tuning elements are located inside the case, which requires partial disassembly. Therefore, it is difficult to change settings frequently.

Advantages and disadvantages

Like all toilets, wall-mounted models have their pros and cons.

The disadvantages include the following:

• high cost of the product itself, especially in comparison with conventional toilets;
• not budget installation;
• if communications and the tank are hidden, then if they break down, repairs are labor-intensive and expensive;
• lack of free space under the toilet itself, which makes more thorough wet cleaning impossible.

All of the listed disadvantages are easily compensated by the undoubted advantages of attached toilets.

• Hidden communications. This allows you to use the attached toilet in any interior, without disturbing the harmony of the room and the intended design.
• It takes up significantly less space than a regular toilet, which is especially important for saving useful space.
• Attached toilets with a cistern hidden in the wall are almost silent, since the sounds of water are muffled due to the finishing.
• Ergonomic design.
• Durability and reliability. Reliable components are supplied to the attached models.

A wall-mounted toilet is a modern solution for those who value quality and impeccable appearance. Despite the relatively high cost, especially with conventional models, it fully justifies the money spent on its purchase and installation.

Plumbing tricks for convenience and comfort

Wanting to achieve greater comfort, people invent new devices that can improve their lives, eliminating the slightest moments that can cause irritation. For example, many people are annoyed by a falling toilet lid. That is, not even the fact of falling, but the sound that is made.

In this regard, a toilet lid microlift was invented not long ago. This mechanism has recently become increasingly popular and is gaining new fans. It allows you to eliminate the problem described above - the sound of a falling toilet lid. The microlift is not only silent, but also allows the lid to lower smoothly, without sudden movements. There is no need to control this process, which is also very convenient.

Thus, we examined the mechanism of operation of such an important piece of plumbing as the toilet. We learned how water is drained and plunged a little into the world of modern plumbing with its new products

Types of toilets

Toilets can be classified according to different parameters, for example, by the type of water discharge from the floor-mounted toilet.

• With horizontal outlet. They are located parallel to the floor at a height of 18 centimeters. A slight tilt cannot be ruled out, but only in the direction of increasing as it drains. This is the most common wiring scheme in Europe and the CIS countries.
• With vertical outlet. This option is located perpendicular to the floor. In this case, the sewer pipe must be strictly vertical. This wiring scheme is used mainly in the USA and Canada. In Russia, such releases are common in Stalin-built houses, which have not yet received their turn for major repairs.

With oblique release. This option involves tilting the sewer pipe to which the connection will be made at an angle relative to the floor of 15-30 degrees. This is the most common option for Russia. It is very rare to find imported plumbing fixtures with such parameters.

With the release of vario. It is also called universal

We can say that this is a type of toilet with a horizontal outlet, only with an important feature. It is much shorter, so you can use any type of siphons (pipes)

This is one of the most popular variations of toilet release.

A vertical outlet cannot be combined with a horizontal or oblique connection; in turn, for an oblique entrance it is better to choose a toilet with a similar or universal outlet.

Shower gutters - cleaning

Shower gutters have a fairly simple design, so their cleaning is limited to removing solid dirt (mainly hair) and wiping a small surface. Cleaning definitely requires more attention and reaching into more nooks and crannies.

The drain is a small element with the ability to remove the top cover, and in some models also the so-called. dry siphon that can be removed and rinsed. Most often, running water is sufficient for cleaning. If there are cosmetic deposits or hard water, you may be tempted to wet the element or clean it with stronger cleaners.

What is the difference between toilets in Russia and the USA?

America is not just another country, but another world. Everything here is not arranged our way. Distances are measured in miles, lengths are measured in feet, weights are measured in pounds, and gasoline is measured in gallons. Moreover, in the USA even toilets are designed differently!

Anyone who has ever been to America and visited toilets in public places has probably noticed a number of differences. So in the USA, toilets are constantly filled with water, and there is almost never a brush next to them!

I remember that in one of the episodes of the “Inspector General” program, Olga Freimut gave the cafe staff a rout for not having a brush in the toilet. So why do American catering owners neglect this hygiene item?

The fact is that siphon-type toilets are widely used in the United States. As mentioned above, there is always water in their bowl, so excrement falling down practically does not stain the walls. In addition, overseas toilets have a much more powerful flush!

Yes, yes, toilets in the USA have a completely different design than in the countries of the former USSR or other European countries. It so happens that a different sewer network layout has historically been used overseas.

In our country, the drain pipes are laid above the interfloor ceilings, and in American houses - below them. Due to the large difference between the level of the toilet bowl and the drain pipe, American designers managed to achieve a siphon effect: at the moment of flushing, the entire contents of the toilet bowl are literally sucked out and sent into the sewer.

In European toilets, the drain pipe is almost at the same level with the bowl, and the water in it only serves to create a plug that prevents sewer gases from entering the room. During flushing, the contents of the toilet are simply pushed into the pipe without any additional pressure.

Of course, the vast majority of Americans have brushes in their homes. After all, sometimes the flush alone cannot clean the toilet until it shines; moreover, limescale deposits periodically appear on the walls. And in public institutions, brushes are hidden from the eyes of visitors and are located in the cleaning lady’s closet along with other equipment. Regular drainage is sufficient in 99% of cases.

And finally, a little humor. Slovenian philosopher Slavoj Zizek is confident that different toilet systems are directly related to the worldview of a nation. So, in France the drain is located at the back, and this means that the French are too romantic and do not want to see their waste.

In German toilets, the drain is located in the front. The stool is not immediately washed away to be examined for infection. This characterizes the extreme meticulousness of the German people and their desire to analyze everything.

But in the USA, toilets are designed in such a way that a lot of water initially accumulates in them, so the feces float. If necessary, you can examine it, and then noisily flush it down the drain. This suggests that the inhabitants of the New World adopted both the Germans' desire for order and the French's love of visual effects.

Of course, Slavoj Zizek's thoughts are just a joke. But, as you know, there is some truth in every joke.

Be that as it may, it is stupid to deny that we have different mentalities. Therefore, it is not surprising that emigrants from the former USSR, having arrived in the United States, often change the plumbing in their home. Still, it is very difficult to overcome your habits!

Types of drainage devices under the sink

There are many device options.

Pipe

The device is a curved pipe, which in most cases is metal. This older example of the device is called a knee. The modern version of the siphon is lightweight, has a shiny bronze or brass surface and convenient connectors.

The curved area is located at the bottom of the structure where waste accumulates. If there is a need to install 2 drain holes, then the pipe elbow is installed closer to the pipe leading to the sewer. Above the drain, pipes and adapters are assembled, making 2 drains into one up to the pipe elbow.

Tubular siphon design

Corrugated

The corrugated device is a curved tube where the bend is formed due to the corrugation. This area makes the device movable and facilitates connection to the drain. The soft hose is made of plastic, and a clamp is used to maintain the corrugation. It can be moved, straightening the folded area or making it more pronounced.

Corrugated folds have disadvantages, which include the accumulation of dirt and food deposits in them. The part is difficult to clean. The downside is the thinning of the material, which can leak. Due to the properties of plastic, boiling water should not be poured into the sink.

Corrugated siphon design

Bottle

In most cases, a bottle siphon is used for installation. It looks like a bottle, inside which water moves along a curved space formed by a double partition. The liquid moves inside the tube and enters the lower part of the device. Afterwards, the drains are directed up the space between the outer and inner partitions of the device and then, thanks to a side hole, flow into the sewer.

If there is a need to install 2 or more drains from the sink into the sewer, then a transition piece is mounted to the device.

This adapter receives the main drains from above, and on the side there is another drain from the plumbing equipment. The bottle drain can be metal or plastic. Metal structures are durable, while plastic ones are affordable.

Bottle siphon design

Dry siphon

There is no permanent accumulation of water in the design. Inside there are rubber seals that act as a water seal and block the passage of unpleasant odors. When the liquid is drained, the rubber moves, allowing the drains to pass through, and returns to its original position after they pass through. The rubber part is called a dry water seal. Due to the lack of liquid, the device is installed in cold rooms, where freezing of the water seal and deformation of pipes can occur.

In such houses, a dry structure is installed, characterized by its small size and the absence of a curved part. The dry siphon can be installed in cold and hot rooms, in small areas, in objects subject to shaking and vibration, as well as in air conditioner drains.

Dry siphon design

Corrugated toilet flush

To connect a corrugated pipe for a toilet, you need to know what types of this product there are.

Such a plumbing pipe can be not only soft, but also hard. A rigid product is characterized by:

• Reliability;
• Durability;
• Durability.

There are different types of corrugation for toilet bowls, which you can familiarize yourself with on the Internet or in specialized stores.
However, despite this, soft corrugation is in great demand, since it is much easier and faster to install, looks quite good and is suitable for absolutely any type of toilet. In addition, it is considered a big plus that such a connecting pipe can easily bend in any direction. In addition, the corrugated drain pipe can be reinforced or unreinforced. The reinforced version is much more durable, since the rigidity of the product is ensured by the presence of small diameter wire inside the pipe.

Homemade prune wine recipe

Plums are sweet fruits, so little sugar is used for wine. From fruits you can make both semi-dry light wine and strong wine with a rich taste. The second goes especially well with meat dishes. You can make wine from different varieties of plums, and prunes will produce a dark red drink. True, the juice obtained from plums is small and thick, which is why they dilute the wine with water. This increases the volume of the drink and the wine acquires a wonderful taste. After all, wine made from juice alone will not be tasty.

Prune wine recipe

Components:

• Plums – 7.2 kg
• Sugar – 975 kg
• Water – 1175 l.

Prune Wine
Process:

1. Peel the plums, just select ripe soft prunes first. Then place the plums in a glass bottle. Pour boiled, cooled water over the entire surface of the drain so as not to kill natural yeast.
2. Let the mixture ferment. After about five days, squeeze out the juice, add sugar to the mixture, stir with a wooden spatula three times a day.
3. Leave the wine to ferment within two to three months and you will get a sweet and sour drink of a beautiful red color, which will need to be poured through a straw without sediment into bottles for storage in a cool cellar.

Peculiarities

An attached toilet is a symbiosis of a regular and wall-hung toilet.

As in the latter, all underwater structures are hidden inside the product:

• siphon;
• a drain pipe;
• water supply and sewerage system;
• drain tank (in some models).

And what it has in common with a standard toilet is the similarity of the installation, which even a non-professional can handle. This model can be easily used in combined baths and toilets, as well as in restrooms that are modest in size, since the design can save useful space in the room. The support for this toilet is the stand, which forms one whole with it.

For wall-hung toilets, a supporting structure is always installed, the cost of which is quite high. The attached toilet does not need to be strengthened, so its installation does not incur additional financial costs other than the purchase of the product itself and the necessary materials and components.

If the tank is hidden, then it is covered with a false wall. This allows you to achieve high levels of decorativeness. Sewer pipes and water supply are supplied separately. Many wall-mounted toilets are equipped with a seat with a micro-lift, which allows the toilet lid to be lowered smoothly, making handling more comfortable.

Weaknesses, main breakdowns and how to prevent them

Since the sololift mechanism operates in an aggressive environment, internal surfaces and parts must have additional protection . This applies to all components, wires and seals.

• The installation of a sololift should be carried out in a secluded but accessible place .
• The blades of the chopper impeller should be pointed - this will help avoid clogging.
• To increase reliability, additional choppers can be installed in front of the impeller .
• When purchasing, you should pay attention to the product labeling : sololifts intended for cold waste water should absolutely not be used in hot water supply.

In cases where the house has a general forced drain installation , it is recommended not to overload several drain points at the same time during moments of unstable voltage.

Forced-type sewage pumps for the most part have an unlimited service life , and with careful use they can last for decades.

What do you think of this article?

Types of fan products

Fan pipes are classified according to the construction material used in the manufacture of the product.

The classification divides fan pipes into 2 types:

• metal;
• plastic.

The metal (cast iron) version can be installed in a sewer system made of a similar material. Plastic products can be installed in both plastic and cast iron pipelines.

When repairing fan pipes, it is recommended to replace cast iron elements with plastic analogues. This material is much more durable than cast iron

When installing a plastic element, you get a flexible sewer pipe, a monolithic elbow or a compact adapter. Cast iron products are not flexible and do not have a variety of shapes.

How to insert a new pipe into an old pipe ↑

Plastic pipes are perfectly installed in modern polymer sewer pipes with a diameter of 110 mm. When installed in an old cast-iron pipe, the pipe will have to be tightly caulked with a caulk - a tarred rope made of flax or other fibrous material. It is allowed to use silicone sealant after first cleaning the surface. The outlet into the cuff and the pipe into the sewer should be inserted until it stops.

If the axes and inclination angles of the outlet and inlet exactly match, choosing a pipe (siphon) for the toilet is quite simple. It is not difficult to install it yourself in a PVC sewer. But if there is no skill in plumbing work, the wiring is made of cast iron, and the choice of drain is not obvious, it makes sense to entrust the connection and installation to experienced specialists.

Step-by-step instructions for carrying out work

This operation is not that complicated, although it does cause some concern, which can be dispelled, like an unpleasant smell, if you know some of the subtleties of the process.

The first thing you need to do before starting work is to turn off the water in your home. Below we offer step-by-step instructions.

Dismantling the old toilet
Stage one. Replacing an old toilet with a new model is much easier than initially installing a toilet in a new house or apartment. Therefore, when replacing an old toilet model, you should take a closer look at the type of attachment to the sewer network (depending on the type of toilet drain pipe) and purchase a toilet of the same type that will not require adjustment or, even worse, alteration of the sewer wiring.

Stage two. If in your house, some time after installing the toilet, the floors were redone (their level was raised, floor tiles were laid), then when connecting the toilet to the pipe, you should use corrugated or eccentric cuffs.

We connect with corrugation
Stage three. If your home has cast iron pipes, there may be problems with the tightness of the connection, which can be solved with the help of sealant. It is applied to the joints only after connecting the toilet to the sewer pipe. Plastic pipes can be hermetically connected to the toilet using eccentric cuffs, when rotated their rubber seals can successfully ensure a reliable connection.

Stage four. If you have not achieved the desired result of tightness, then a corrugated cuff, which is easily deformed, bends and stretches, will provide you with a 100% guarantee of this.

It is important to know that:

• The toilet should not be fixed to the floor before it is connected to the pipe using corrugation, as it may need to be moved 10–15 cm in one direction or another;
• Corrugations may differ in quality (flexibility, etc.). It is better to use reinforced corrugation with a stainless steel coating.

Attaching the toilet to the floor
Stage five. Attaching the toilet to the floor. There are three ways:

• using epoxy glue;
• on taffeta (varnished ash or oak board) attached to the floor;
• with screws to cement floors or ceramic tiles.

Epoxy glue (or resin) is used on a degreased and dust-free floor surface, applying a layer of 4-5 cm. The smooth floor surface should be roughened with corundum stone for better adhesion to the toilet. The fixed toilet is left alone for 12 hours until the materials are completely dry.

For strong adhesion to the floor, anchors (or nails) are installed in the taffeta. To do this, recesses are created in the floor, filled with cement, onto which taffeta is installed with the nails facing down.

The toilet must be stable after installation. Otherwise, it is dismantled and the surface is corrected with a cement solution.

The toilet is fixed to the floor tiles using a drill and drill bits with Pobedit tips. The so-called “new settlers” are driven into the resulting holes. Nylon seals are placed under the screws on the toilet.

Connecting the drain tank
Stage six. Installing a cistern

It is important to know that the water drainage area is lubricated with silicone to ensure a tight seal. The toilet bowl and cistern are connected with bolts. Water is supplied to the tank using a flexible hose with union nuts at the ends

The water level in the tank should be 1 cm below the level of the drain mechanism

Water is supplied to the tank using a flexible hose with union nuts at the ends. The water level in the tank should be 1 cm below the level of the drain mechanism.

An adjusted cistern flush will complete your job of installing the toilet and connecting it to the sewer pipe.

We recommend reading:

• the toilet is clogged, what to do at home;
• how to solder polypropylene pipes for heating.

Dismantling and installation of the flush mechanism for the toilet cistern

If the drain mechanism fails, you can replace it with a new repair kit yourself. Replacing the flush mechanism in the toilet cistern is carried out according to the following algorithm.

Related article:

How to choose a toilet: main criteria and features of various models

Review of the 5 most popular manufacturers and models. Common breakdowns and ways to fix them.

The first step is to turn off the water supply. Next, press the drain button to empty the tank. It is carefully removed, which makes it possible to remove the tank lid. Then the water supply hose is disconnected. The nut that secures the filler pipe is unscrewed. You need to remove the part itself from the hole.

Helpful advice! Before changing the flush mechanism in a toilet cistern with bottom water supply, it is recommended to install a small container under the plumbing fixture into which the water that does not go down the drain will drain.

The internal fittings are removed from the tank and unscrewed from the fasteners. Next, unscrew the bolts securing the tank to the toilet bowl. The container is removed. After this, the lower part of the drain system is dismantled and the sealing gaskets are removed. After disassembly is completed, it is necessary to clean the inner surface of the tank and all its openings, remove plaque, debris and lime deposits.

After removing the internal fittings, it is necessary to unscrew the bolts securing the tank and toilet

Installation of the drain mechanism involves the reverse sequence of work. The lower part of the drain system is inserted into the hole, and sealing gaskets are attached. Next, install the flush cistern on the toilet and secure it with fastening bolts.

Important! If corrosion has formed on the old bolts, the elements should be replaced with new ones.

The internal part of the flush mechanism is installed in the toilet siphon. The fill valve should be inserted into the gap in the bottom or side wall of the tank, securing it with a nut and sealing gaskets. A water supply hose must be connected to the outlet pipe. The water is turned on and the system is checked for functionality.

If all elements are installed correctly and the joints are securely sealed, then there will be no leaks.

The filling valve is inserted into the side wall of the tank or into the bottom

Materials required for connection

A modern scheme for connecting a toilet to a sewer system assumes that cuffs (eccentric or corrugated), drain pipes and plastic outlets will be involved in the work process. The plumbing fixture fits well with the drain pipe, resulting in the toilet looking like a complete product.

But when using this product, several requirements must be taken into account:

• it cannot be trimmed;
• It is prohibited to change the geometric shape.

In the photo you can see components designed to connect the toilet. When connecting the toilet to the sewer, you should remember that corrugation is easy to work with - such cuffs can be bent at different angles, as well as extended in length. But the eccentric cuffs are rotated relative to their axis.

When connections are made in hard-to-reach places, it is preferable to use a corrugated cuff. It is also preferred if they are solving the problem of how to connect a toilet to a sewer system equipped with various inlet sockets.

Homemade plum wine - a simple recipe

Pick the fruits from the plum, preferably they are already ripe and soft. So that their sides become a little baked already in the sun. Winemakers also advise drying them a little in the sun, so they become overgrown with wild yeast and the wine comes out amazing. There is no need to wash the fruits; too dirty fruits are cleaned of dirt with paper napkins.

Components:

• Ripe plums – 5.2 kg
• Warm boiled water – 3.2 l
• Sugar - 475 g per 2 liters of prepared plum juice.

Delicious plum wine
Process:

1. Clean plums, but not washed, remove seeds, use pulp. It must be pureed, then transfer it to the bottle. For four kg, pour about three liters of warm boiled water.
2. Cover the container with a bandage and let the solution sit for about two days. After getting rid of the pulp, thoroughly squeeze the liquid out of it using several layers of clean rags.
3. Again, pour the juice and water into a bottle. Add sugar at the rate: half a kilogram of sugar per 2 liters of liquid.
4. For a special unique taste, you can crush a fifth of the plum seeds and add it to the drink.
5. Close the bottle with a rubber glove or a seal and let the wine ferment until no more air bubbles come out. When it calms down, the wine is poured into glass bottles and left to clarify in a dark place. This may take a whole year.

Which exit is better: straight or oblique?

It should be noted that toilets with oblique or horizontal outlets are in most cases interchangeable, so the difference between them is small. But if converting a straight model into an oblique one is absolutely not difficult, then doing it the other way around is much more difficult. To do this, you will have to organize an additional bend, which complicates the design of the outlet, as well as the already complex process of sealing the joints (there is a high probability of residual standing water in the additional bend).

In addition, it will not be possible to change the installation location of the toilet if the distance from the wall of the previously installed toilet with a horizontal outlet was minimal. You will have to prepare a new platform for attaching the bowl to the floor. In modern technology for the construction of residential buildings, sewers are installed mainly under toilets with an oblique outlet. Although another arrangement of sewage systems is gaining popularity - for horizontal toilets.

And if we compare models with each other, without taking into account their interchangeability, then a toilet with an oblique type of outlet is considered a more universal system, since such a bowl can be connected to a sewer pipeline located at an angle from 0 to 35 degrees relative to it. That is, some errors in the location of the sewer line are acceptable, which is quite possible during the construction of high-rise buildings, when not everything turns out strictly according to the design as a result of previously unplanned circumstances

In addition, the process of installing a plumbing fixture with an oblique outlet is simpler, which is explained by the absence of a strict point for its installation and connection to the sewer. This cannot be said about the analogue with a horizontal outlet - here the outlet pipe must be located with the connecting pipe on the sewer strictly opposite each other.

Cast iron siphon as a piece from the past

Needless to say, previously there was no assortment of plumbing parts at all, and the functionality was often lame. In the modern world, the plumbing market is developing and expanding at lightning speed. This applies to both flushing devices and bathtubs, sinks, and toilets.

The principle of the cast iron siphon

In the distant 80s, every Soviet apartment had a cast iron siphon, and in the amount of three pieces. One was under the kitchen sink. The second is under the sink in the bathroom and the third is under the toilet. Cast iron products were everywhere back then. Just look at the cast iron batteries, which were simply impossible to lift. So, a cast iron siphon was the only option for installation. They weighed impressively, but, to be honest, they coped with their task perfectly. It is worth noting the disadvantages of such a product. First of all - weight. Installing a cast iron siphon took not only a colossal amount of time, but also physical effort. It took a lot of work to install the valve in such a way that it would not allow water to pass through the butt seams.

Another disadvantage is some fragility. An ordinary blow to the floor could disrupt the integrity of the structure, which could lead to a leak. Of course, the impact of time cannot be discounted either. After 2-3 years, the cast iron part may become weak and require replacement.

Plum wine – photo

Next you will see beautiful photos where winemakers captured their deeds. Such wines come only from people who love their work and work hard and patiently. To make wine from plums, you need to have patience, love this business, and not be afraid to experiment. And in order to improve recipes, and then get excellent results, you will have to work hard.

Home wine

Plum wine in glasses

Also on our portal, you can see articles about wine making here:

1. Red rowan wine;
2. How to make wine from watermelon?
3. What to do if the wine does not ferment?
4. How to make sloe wine at home?

Which siphon is suitable for a bidet

Siphon systems currently used when installing a plumbing fixture such as a bidet can have the following configuration:

• tubular siphons resembling the letter S in appearance;
• bottle siphons, similar in shape to a traditional bottle.

The first version of the siphon system has a more complex design, but both types include several basic elements, so the device is assembled before installation.

Siphon option for bidet

As the practice of operating plumbing fixtures shows, bottle-type models are more ergonomic and profitable, due to their special shape. In the bottom part of such a siphon, things that accidentally fall into the drain hole are collected.

Depending on the material used in the production of siphons, such an element can be represented by:

• plastic models;
• brass models;
• steel models.

Grohe bidet siphon

Plastic siphons are more preferable for hidden installation of sewer lines due to their functionality and guaranteed durability.

A higher cost characterizes bottle siphons made of metal. It is these devices that are distinguished by their visual appeal and ease of use.