Despite the dynamic rhythm of modern life, every housewife needs to spend a lot of time in the kitchen to prepare food for the whole family. During the cooking process, a large amount of odors and fat appears. In this regard, many people have a question: is a hood needed in the kitchen? Or, you can do without it, using a natural and forced ventilation system.
What is it for?
Kitchen ventilation rules require that the air change frequency be at least 10 times. This means that the air in the kitchen must be completely renewed at least 10 times per hour. As a rule, this is handled by a wall-mounted ventilation duct, the cooling capacity of which is designed in accordance with sanitary standards. However, it can only work under certain conditions.
In particular, it is necessary to ensure a flow of fresh air, otherwise there will be a slight pressure drop in the room. This pressure difference is enough to stop the natural ventilation system.
In modern apartments, plastic windows and sealed doors are almost universally found, which do not provide a flow of fresh air. Therefore, natural air exchange does not work; forced ventilation is necessary.
The most effective and common solution is a hood with an umbrella over the hob - a simple and reliable solution that traps steam and grease exactly where it comes out and prevents it from spreading throughout the room.
About the nuances of choosing a fan
A kitchen fan is installed to enhance existing exhaust systems. Sometimes the device itself can be replaced. The devices are mounted next to the ventilation duct or fixed either at the inlets or inside the air duct device. Appliances operating from the mains in bathrooms operate in waterproof housings with units no more powerful than 36 V.
Ensuring an adequate level of safety in rooms with high humidity is achieved by observing restrictions that must be taken into account when choosing a suitable exhaust system.
By multiplying the volume of the room by the air change rate per hour, you will get the required power
Its productivity for the kitchen is calculated in the following way. The nominal air exchange rate, determined for a given room by SNiP, is multiplied by the cubic capacity of the room in which the kitchen exhaust fan is supposed to be installed. The product will be the calculated productivity value.
It is advisable to make the calculation with a reserve, since the configuration of the room can be transformed. The number of people in the room may vary. The calculated power is compared with existing standards. The final choice should be made at larger values. The values of permissible noise effects are determined using a similar principle.
Specifications
Unlike closed kitchen hoods, which work on the principle of extracting contaminated air - passing it through a filter system - releasing purified masses into the room, devices with a hood into the ventilation system release air to the outside. This technology allows you to quickly remove kitchen odors and does not require regular filter replacement. For larger kitchens, large models with two electric motors are available, suitable for use in food service facilities.
Ventilation hoods consist of a housing, a control panel, a grease filter and an air duct to the ventilation duct.
The body of the models can be made of several materials.
- The most economical option is metal blocks painted with heat and moisture resistant enamels. Such models require careful care and careful use. The advantages of such cases include an attractive appearance, but the disadvantages are the tendency to form scratches under mechanical stress and the opacity of the enamel over time.
- Tempered glass hoods are affordable and have a stylish appearance. The disadvantage of such products is that they require regular and tedious maintenance, which requires some skill and time. The fact is that on the surface of glass, especially those painted in dark colors or tinted, fingerprints, water drops and stains are clearly visible. Therefore, cleaning such a case requires a special glass liquid, patience and skill.
- The most spectacular and expensive are the models made of chromed stainless steel. These devices are distinguished by their light design and elegant shapes. These products do not require tedious maintenance and retain their original appearance throughout their entire service life.
All hoods are supplied with control panels, which can be either push-button or touch-sensitive. Mechanical panels are more understandable and familiar to older people. The buttons on such models are located on the front, which makes it easier to set the desired mode. Touch panels are modern and convenient. They are equipped with temperature and humidity sensors, changes in which automatically change the operating mode of the device. Programming the hood using the touch screen is done only once, after installation. After this, the device works autonomously and does not require constant configuration.
Air ducts installed on canopies are represented by corrugated pipes and plastic air ducts. The former have a round cross-section and are characterized by ease of installation and good flexibility. Installation is carried out using brackets attached to the device. The advantage of corrugation is the ability to give the pipe any bending radius, but the disadvantages include noisy operation and the likelihood of lubricant deposition on the internal folds of the pipe. Plastic air ducts can be either round or square in cross-section; they are mainly produced in white and fit perfectly into the interior. Pros include a completely flat internal surface, which promotes higher air speeds and lower noise levels. Disadvantages are the lack of flexibility and the need to use connecting fittings such as elbows and adapters during installation.
There are two types of filters installed in visors. The external metal filter does not require replacement and up to 95% of grease and dirt is deposited on its surface. Impurities are removed by washing the grate with any detergent that breaks down the lubricant. The second type of filters is represented by replaceable synthetic filters, which, after severe contamination, are thrown away and replaced with new ones.
Manufacturing materials
You should know! For the manufacture of kitchen hoods, metal alloys, stainless steel, aluminum, plastic and glass are used.
Plastic models have an attractive appearance, however, such electrical appliances quickly break down.
Equipment
made of solid glass or stainless steel is characterized by a long service life and laconic design.
This makes them the most in demand.
The best option would be a device enclosed in an aluminum case - it will not rust and is easy to clean.
In addition, the device in an aluminum housing is perfect for any interior.
The cheapest materials are plastic and metal alloy.
Note! Expensive devices are most often made of stainless steel.
Types and features
The variety of range of hoods offered by manufacturers is sometimes amazing. It's easy to find the best value and quality model on the market.
But for an unprepared buyer, selecting and installing such kitchen appliances will be a difficult and sometimes impossible task. Therefore, before going to the store or installing a hood, you need to understand all the subtleties and nuances.
Sanitary standards and requirements
Any type of hood, recirculating or vented, should be able to move 10-12 times more air through the cooking zone in one hour.
This is a strict hygiene requirement that must be observed. Open fireplaces and heating appliances are widely used in the kitchen. And the humidity in the room is much higher than in other rooms.
As a result, the concentration of carbon dioxide, harmful pollutants and exhaust gases is constantly increasing, which negatively affects human well-being.
If the device is connected to ventilation, then an oxygen supply must be provided from outside. If this factor is not taken into account, a skew effect will occur. As a result, air will be sucked from the duct back into the kitchen.
Another requirement is that the hood must be installed as close to the hob as possible. This is a minimum of 65 cm for an electric stove and 75 cm for a gas stove.
A special grill must be installed on the device, onto which dirt and grease will be applied. This prevents waste from entering the ventilation duct.
Hood with ventilation outlet
The classic and most familiar to most people are hoods that draw air through a vent. A constant flow of fresh air makes you feel better, improves your mood and makes your stay in the kitchen more comfortable.
As a rule, exhaust devices provide forced ventilation, for which a fan is used. This approach allows you to quickly remove excess moisture from the room, which can harm the furniture set, unpleasant odors, various fumes, soot, excess carbon dioxide, etc.
In order not to pollute the atmosphere around the house, hoods use a special filter that collects most of the pollutants.
The hood attracts stale air and removes it from the room, for which the ventilation shaft of a house or apartment is used.
The only downside to built-in vent hoods is that they are difficult to install. After all, the device must be connected to the duct. If your home doesn't have ductwork, you'll need to drill a hole in the wall.
Criteria for choosing a good hood
Choosing a hood is a rather labor-intensive and complex process. You need to approach it wisely in order to buy a unit that is ideal for you.
Before buying a unit, be sure to pay attention to the following characteristics:
- Equipment. Check if the kit contains grease filters. The manufacturer must provide for their availability.
- Performance. Correctly calculate what power unit is suitable for you.
- Noise. Some devices are quite noisy in operation. But it normal. Just make sure that the noise level does not exceed 40 decibels.
- Options. Be sure to check the parameters of the device with the place where you plan to insert it.
Less important is what color the unit is, because part of it will definitely be hidden. You should not overpay for a product if it is simply from a well-known manufacturer. The main thing is that the basic parameters suit you.
Some models have special built-in light bulbs. They illuminate the stove. But just a little. This is an additional feature, and it's up to you to decide whether you need it or not.
Some devices also offer remote control capabilities. And the unit comes with a special remote control for this. Manufacturers can also build a shutdown timer into the device. All this is additional and makes the unit more expensive.
And now we will talk about what types of kitchen hoods exist.
Introduction to the main types of hoods
In order to figure out how to choose the right hood for your kitchen, you need to get acquainted with the main types of devices. This is one of the most important characteristics of this unit.
The device should look good in the interior. Today, manufacturers offer a wide variety of options for these devices. Among them, everyone can find something that suits them.
If you approach the process of choosing an exhaust device correctly, you can not only “fit” it into the interior, but also make it a very stylish element. It can even make your kitchen stand out. Or a properly selected hood can hide so well in the surrounding furniture that no one will even notice it.
In order to choose exactly the one that suits you, you need to find out what types of devices exist in principle. We will describe each of them, tell you about their pros and cons.
Built-in hood
Built-in kitchen hoods are the most popular models. Because they can be hidden, and they will be almost invisible. Install a built-in hood into the set. Therefore, you should select it as closely as possible in color to the entire interior. Their main advantage is that they maintain the impeccable aesthetics of the kitchen.
As a rule, they have a retractable panel, which increases the effective absorption area of odors and unpleasant odors. The power of the built-in hood is quite high. When you turn on the device, it continues to operate in the mode in which it was turned off.
They have a reliable filtration mechanism and two powerful electric motors. However, they are more expensive than classic models. If the choice is between a built-in and a traditional device, then you should choose the first one.
It is better to take them for houses with low ceilings. In addition, if you install it correctly, the cabinet in which it is located can be used to store things. It is very easy to install, it is compact and ergonomic.
Make sure that the hood matches or exceeds the size of the hob. That is, if you have a stove of 60 centimeters, then the exhaust device must be at least 60 centimeters wide.
Hood with ventilation outlet
This type of kitchen hood cleans the air completely and with the highest quality, since it immediately removes it from the room. If you have a very large kitchen, then you can install an additional motor in such models.
They have good performance due to the fact that the coarse filter has very little resistance to air flow. They are easy to maintain. And they remove unpleasant odors and any impurities almost 100 percent. The device consumes little energy and can operate for quite a long time.
The power of the hood affects its noise level. The higher it is, the louder the device is. Therefore, if your kitchen is connected to the bedroom, then take the quietest unit possible.
However, this is an option for kitchen hoods that are difficult to install. In addition, they are quite noisy. For them it is necessary to provide for the possibility of air flow from outside.
Several filters must be installed in front of the fan. They clean the air quite a bit from odors, but protect the fan from contamination. However, they need to be washed quite often.
The ventilation duct will not affect the design of the room in any way, since it is hidden in the set. The main thing is to install everything correctly. Such hoods can be corner, fireplace and island. The first, as the name suggests, are located in the corner. They can be domed or of another shape. The second ones are built-in exhaust devices. They are now the most in demand. Such units can be of a wide variety of shapes. And the latter are designed so that they can be fixed above the stove, which stands separately. For example, in the middle of the kitchen. They also have a wide variety of forms.
Kitchen hoods without venting
These device models are suitable for those who do not have the opportunity to install a unit with output to the street. They work on a very simple principle: the air, along with all the unpleasant odors, comes inside, is cleaned there using a built-in filter system, and then goes back out into the kitchen.
These models are great space savers in the kitchen. Therefore, they are perfect for small apartments. They are very easy to install. They consume much less energy than previous units, and also do not lower the temperature in the room during operation. Plus they're pretty cheap.
But at the same time, they are noisier than conventional devices. And it is impossible to match them directly to the design, since there are not many models.
And now about how to choose a hood over a stove of this type. Calculate the required power (how to do this will be discussed below). It must correspond to the dimensions of the slab.
Hood for gas stove
If you have a gas stove and you cook on it a lot, or sometimes smoke in the apartment, then it is best to take a model with a ventilation outlet. The fact is that those units that do not have an outlet simply will not be able to cope with the smell that gas combustion will create.
It is better to entrust the installation to professionals. The fact is that improper installation can lead to it working ineffectively. But you can do this yourself. The main advice is to mount it at a height of 80 centimeters from the stove. This rule must be followed, otherwise the exhaust device may extinguish the fire in some places. Accordingly, it will be uneven, and you will not be able to cook normally. And if your hood is very powerful, then it can completely extinguish the fire.
It doesn't matter what type of exhaust hood you want. For a gas stove, you can use both wall-mounted and built-in units. The material from which they are made also does not matter.
Other types of kitchen hoods
We have introduced you to the most popular types of exhaust devices. But that is not all. Now we will tell you what other kitchen hoods there are and how they differ from each other.
Dome hoods are mounted above the hob. They seem to form a dome over it. Such models are quite large in size and look attractive. They look like an expensive fireplace. These devices are highly functional.
Telescopic ones are similar to built-in ones. They are also hidden in the headset. But you can put out special grease filters.
Flat models operate on the circulation principle. They are very simple options that can be easily installed. These models are very affordable. They purify the air thanks to a carbon filter. However, these units do not completely cleanse it of unpleasant odors.
T-shapes are so called because they look like an inverted “T”. They are secured using a wide box.
Box-shaped ones are ideal for those who love minimalism in appliances. They look like a pipe or box. These are island options.
The operating principle of a kitchen hood is an important selection criterion
The operating principle is the first and main criterion for choosing a kitchen hood. There are two operating principles for kitchen hoods.
The first - recirculation - involves no outlet to ventilation. They work thanks to filters and the presence of a forced ventilation system. These elements are located inside the housing. The unit passes dirty air with unpleasant odors through a filter, which cleans and returns it. They are suitable for those cases in which it is impossible to connect to a hood.
The second - flow-through - is based on connection to the air duct. Through it, fresh air from the street enters the room, and dirty air is forced out. To begin with, air flows pass through a coarse filter located below. This rids it of dirt and grime. Slightly higher are fans that operate using a motor and exchange fresh and dirty air flows. And the air duct, located at the very top, forcibly brings the latter to the street.
There are also combined options that can work in the first or second mode. And they suggest switching between them.
It is better to choose an exhaust device with an outlet and a carbon filter. It easily cleans air flows, removes soot and grease.
How to choose the right size
It is very important to choose a device that matches the dimensions of the hob. The fact is that, otherwise, the unit simply will not cope with the task.
So first, measure your hob. Hoods come in 50, 60, 90 and 120 cm. The unit you choose must match or exceed the size of the stove. If it is smaller, it will not be able to clean the air efficiently, and some of the aromas will go into the living rooms.
The height at which the product will be mounted is also important. If you have a gas stove, then it should be 75 cm above it. But it is better that this distance is 80 cm. If you have an electric stove, then this distance can be 65 cm. In this case, the size of the exhaust hood box allows you to have Sufficient air outlet for optimal cleaning. And you don’t have to worry that the fat accumulated on the unit will ignite.
Materials used in the production of hoods
Now let's move on to the nuances and subtleties of the materials from which the exhaust devices are made. They affect how easy it will be to care for the unit.
As a rule, they are made of plastic, aluminum alloys, stainless steel, tempered glass, enameled steel.
The most popular are aluminum options. They are very easy to maintain and can be cleaned without resorting to expensive products. And some parts can even be placed in the dishwasher without fear of breakage or damage.
Stainless steel models look very stylish and are expensive. They fit easily into any design. They look especially good in high-tech kitchens. But caring for them is quite difficult. Any touch will leave a mark on them. And in order for them to maintain their beauty, you will have to constantly clean them.
Options made from tempered glass are also difficult to maintain. Absolutely any trace remains on them. And in order to wash them properly, you need to use a special product.
All other service options are somewhere between the options described.
Features of calculating the performance of a kitchen hood
In order for the exhaust device to perform its job efficiently, it is necessary to correctly calculate the power of the unit. The larger the room, the higher this figure should be.
You need to start by measuring the length, width and height of the kitchen, multiply the resulting data. This is the volume of air that is in it. Multiply this figure by 12. The resulting value should be used as a starting point when choosing a unit. Its power should correspond to the closest possible value to the obtained result on the larger side. Or use .
Professionals recommend buying an exhaust device with a capacity of at least 350 cubic meters per hour. Even if you have a small kitchen.r
Remember that the greater the power, the faster the air purification will occur, but the energy consumption will also increase.
Calculator for calculating the minimum diameter of the exhaust duct
In order for the selected hood to work well, you need to know the required minimum diameter of the exhaust duct.
An improperly equipped ventilation system provokes the following consequences:
- poor air flow;
- poor air circulation;
- the appearance of soot and mold;
- fogging of windows;
- the appearance of fungus.
Before the installation process, it is necessary to take into account the diameter of the pipes. They come in round and square sections. The former are used in rooms where there is no specialized equipment aimed at pumping out air. They are dense and waterproof, have high streamlined parameters. Square ones are suitable for forced ventilation.
For residential premises, a conventional ventilation system is effective. Air enters naturally: through vents, windows, and other openings. It exits through specialized ventilation valves, which cannot be placed outside the room, as this will contribute to rapid cooling and damage to structures. Building codes and regulations establish how to determine the parameters of ventilation pipes in residential and non-residential premises. Air exchange is important and must be taken into account depending on the purpose of use:
- for living space - 3 m3 per hour per 1 m2, for permanent residence it varies from 20 to 60 m3 per hour;
- for auxiliary – 180 m3 per hour.
For correct calculations, the natural supply of air is taken as a basis, without taking into account special mechanisms. In other words, it is necessary to take the area of the space and the profile of the ventilation hole in proportion. For example, for living space per square meter you need more than 5 m2 of pipe profile, for additional rooms - 17 m2. Ideally, the calculation is carried out according to building codes and regulations, which are indicated in the regulations in the form of a table.
The counting algorithm consists of the following points.
- Determining the volume of each room. This process involves multiplying all the components.
- Calculate the volume of air according to the formula: L=n*V, where n is the divisibility of air exchange (for each room there is a norm), V is the volume of the room (non-residential premises).
- Air exchange and flow are calculated for almost all rooms.
- The value of L must be increased so that the number is a multiple of 5.
- For some rooms, either air exchange or air supply is calculated, and the resulting figures are summed up.
- As a result, a diagram is constructed that determines the required pipe cross-section for ventilation, taking into account the air flow speed of 3-5 m/s.
The size of the external ventilation pipe is an important parameter for planning the ventilation system. It combines other pipes, with their help air circulates inside and outside the building. The height depends on the diameter and is calculated from the table. Calculating a ventilation system is a labor-intensive, painstaking process. Requires care and the use of a special program. But it will allow you to control the level of humidity in the room and provide comfortable conditions for living, working, and relaxing.
To calculate parameters, use .
Types of filters for hoods
When choosing an exhaust device, pay special attention to this parameter. It significantly affects the quality of operation of the unit.
As a rule, the device is equipped with a grease filter or has both a grease and carbon filter.
Housewives who like to cook food using various oils should get grease filters They will trap fat that appears during cooking. In addition, they protect the fans, engine and gearbox. It must be constantly cleansed of everything it has caught. This will allow the hood to work properly.
The carbon filter helps remove unpleasant odors. It produces fine purification of dirty air. In order to make it, activated carbon is used. It is installed in models with circulation mode. It keeps the air clean, even if the hood is not working well. If you have a unit with an outlet to the outside, then such a filter is not particularly needed. It needs to be replaced from time to time.
Control type
When choosing a hood, pay attention to the type of control it has. It can be mechanical, electronic and sensory. The first is the simplest option with buttons, sliders and other switches. The second one has many functions and programs. In this case, the device has special buttons. They can turn on automatically. The most convenient type of control is the last one. But it is also the most expensive.
Choose the type of management based on what is convenient for you and what you have enough money for
Backlight quality
Choose a hood with high-quality lighting. Be sure to check it before purchasing directly in the store. It is better that the device is equipped with halogen or LED lamps.
Noise level
The most suitable exhaust devices for home use are those with a noise level of no more than 45 dB. Kitchen hoods with ventilation outlets are less noisy than others.
But even noisier models, as a rule, do not disturb users too much. For example, a noise level of 65 dB is a normal conversation between two people, and 90 dB is a scream. Pay attention to this parameter when figuring out how to choose the right hood for a kitchen with an air duct.
Manufacturers
We cannot recommend a good kitchen hood. But we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the list of world brands whose units you can give preference to without fear of malfunctions and poor quality:
- Bosch (Bosch);
- Siemens (Siemens);
- Kuppersberg (Kuppersberg);,
- Best;
- Zanussi (Zanussi);
- Elica (Elika);
- Gorenje (Gorenje);
- Samsung (Samsung);
- Hansa (Hansa);
- Kronasteel (Kronastil).
The selection of a device should be based on its characteristics. And it is not necessary that the manufacturer be a global brand.
Functional
Hood Modes:
- Drainage. Kitchen hood with air outlet into the ventilation system. It is either connected to the ventilation shaft or vented outside through a special hole in the wall. Hot, humid air and unwanted odors are removed from the apartment, ensuring 100% efficiency.
- Filtration. These are hoods without connection to ventilation. Air filled with cooking vapors and aromas enters the filter and is sent back after cleaning. The filters are located inside the housing and must be replaced or washed periodically.
Filtration or recirculation mode makes installation much easier. You don't have to decide how to vent the hood. The efficiency of the device is noticeably reduced.
The hood is filtered using synthetic, carbon, paper, non-woven, acrylic or metal filters.
A dense carbon filter reduces engine power.
Below are the rules for installing a ductless hood and how to connect the hood to the ventilation system.
Checking general building ventilation
In some cases, you can restore ventilation in the kitchen yourself. Every home has a general ventilation system, but often it does not work at all.
How to check the ventilation in the kitchen:
- Take a piece of thin paper the size of your palm and apply it to the ventilation grill. If it holds and does not fall, it means that the ventilation in the kitchen is working and you are worrying in vain;
- Light a match and bring it to the grill. If the flame reaches into the ventilation duct, then everything is in order with the kitchen ventilation. Checking ventilation in the kitchen in the photo. When the tongue is held vertically, the kitchen ventilation does not work. And if the flame leans into the kitchen, then there is reverse draft in the ventilation system. This method is never used by professionals, since flammable gases can accumulate in the ventilation ducts.
If the ventilation in the kitchen does not work, you can remove the grate and wash it (sometimes it is so clogged with dust and grease that it does not allow air to pass through). Then insert a long-handled brush into the ventilation hole in the kitchen and clean the air duct as far as you can reach.
It is strictly forbidden for residents to clean out the entire ventilation shaft from the kitchen and restore it themselves. This is the job of the management company. Specialists with equipment and skills are called in. Sometimes all you have to do is remove the bird's nest from the ventilation ledge and the draft in the kitchen magically appears.
But it happens that neighbors simply dismantle their part of the ventilation ledge in the kitchen to get additional storage space. Then you will have to build ventilation in the kitchen with your own hands.
Performance
This indicator mainly affects the quality of indoor air treatment. Capacity determines the volume of air passing through in 1 hour.
Sanitary standards require 12 air changes in the kitchen.
We use the formula:
P x H x 12 x 1.3
where P is the kitchen area, 1.3 is the compensation coefficient, 12 is the air exchange coefficient, V is the height of the room.
Choose models that exceed the design capacity by 10 - 15%.
Advantages and disadvantages
High consumer demand for ventilated models is due to a number of undeniable advantages of these devices.
- Thanks to the removal of contaminated air masses to the outside, the degree of cleaning of the room is almost 100%. This is almost 30% more efficient than closed-filter ventilation units.
- The absence of a filter system in the hood eliminates the need for regular filter replacement. This makes the device much easier to maintain and saves money.
- The aesthetic appearance and elegant shape of the device allow it to be installed in a kitchen of any style, without fear of cluttering the space and spoiling the interior.
- The high efficiency of hoods is due to the presence of a coarse filter with minimal resistance. This allows steam and smoke to leave the room without entering the pre-filter area.
The disadvantages of the devices are the complexity of installation, which is associated with the need to equip air ducts, as well as the presence of noise during operation of the device. In addition, for proper and efficient operation of the device, sufficiently good draft is required, in the absence of which it becomes necessary to install powerful fans. In addition, in houses that are not equipped with ventilation ducts, you will have to forge the wall yourself and create a hole for the ventilation duct.
conclusions
When choosing a hood for the kitchen, it is important to consider that:
- The main rule is to first calculate the required performance of the device according to the size of the kitchen ;
- The key to good functionality of an electrical appliance is regular cleaning and replacement of filters . Therefore, it is better to purchase a model with a grease filter element;
- the presence of additional functions increases the cost of a kitchen air purifier, however, it simplifies operation ;
- The best solution would be a model from a trusted manufacturer of household appliances that has earned trust and respect in the electrical equipment market.
Where should it be located
When you buy a hood, it always comes with instructions that indicate where to install the device and at what distance from the hob. The hood can be built into or under a cabinet, provided it is the same size as the hob and hangs level above it. Also, before you buy a hood, consult with specialists about its characteristics. For example, a small appliance will not fit in a large kitchen, and a small kitchen does not need a very powerful appliance.
Control type
For your information! In the modern household market you can find devices with several types of control:
- touch – the device is operated by sliding your finger across the surface of the screen. The option is considered quite convenient and in terms of cost belongs to the mid-price segment;
- push-button – the classic option that most models are equipped with. Devices with push-button control are affordable and easy to use;
- remote – designed to control an electrical appliance using a remote control or smartphone. Thanks to this, the user does not have to go to the kitchen to turn on the device, being distracted from his work.
Distance from plate
Before you start calculating the distance to the hood, you should choose the type of air intake. They can be parallel to the hob (horizontal) or inclined (sloping). What are the differences in their work? Horizontally at an angle of 90 degrees, and all the steam, smell, small splashes of lubricant are absorbed much easier. The vertical looks attractive, but sometimes more power needs to be included to improve performance. However, using this type of equipment is much more comfortable - you can avoid hitting your head on your body.
After selecting the device, a calculation is made at what height to hang the hood above the gas stove. A common mistake after purchasing a kitchen appliance is missing or skipping the minimum distance between the hood and the gas stove, which will undoubtedly entail unnecessary expenses.
Device manufacturers include wiring diagrams in their products. There you will find recommendations for measurements and rough calculations. To understand at what distance from the gas stove the hood of your model should hang, you need to know the type of inclination of the air intake.
Horizontal and inclined devices are installed at different heights. The first is parallel to the gas burners and therefore should be located above the inclined one. The latter can be set slightly lower.
Oblique
These are wall-mounted devices, usually compact and with the most interesting design. The height of the inclined hood from the hob depends on several parameters - the size of the room and the type of hob. The height of a person does not play a big role here, since the risk of hitting the head on the body is minimal. Therefore, these devices are best suited for tall people.
The height at which the inclined hood should be suspended above the gas stove is determined, first of all, by the design of the device and the manufacturer's instructions. The calculation is based on the distance between the bottom edge of the air intake and the burners.
Make sure it does not exceed 55 cm. Although the risk of fire is minimal, it does exist. In addition, open flames and high temperatures may melt or render some parts of the hood unusable. But even higher than 65 cm is not recommended. In this case, you may need more suction power. For electric hobs, the norm is 35-45 cm. The risk is lower here, so the requirements are also lower.
Horizontal devices
These are low, often flat appliances that will work well in any room. In the case of the classic horizontal type, the distance between the hood and the hob is calculated depending on the type of hob. The standards are different here. For gas hobs, the air intake is located above the bottom of the hob, about 65-85 cm. And if you have an electric version, the hood can be installed flush with the upper kitchen cabinets. The same applies to built-in devices. In this case, the height of the hood above the hob may be slightly lower - from 60 to 80 cm.
How to choose the hood performance for the size of the room: 2 methods
According to existing sanitary and epidemiological standards, a kitchen hood must move the entire volume of indoor air 10÷12 times in an hour. To do this, its fan must have a certain performance, which greatly depends on the internal dimensions of the room.
Manufacturers of such equipment are guided by scientific developments that take into account the dependence of power on the area and height of the room.
A simple table of performance versus room volume
The tabular method allows you to roughly, but quickly, without performing special calculations, estimate the minimum capabilities of the selected unit.
If you substitute the source data into the table, you can easily determine the required performance, expressed in watts.
Scientific calculation of power using formulas
We can understand whether the hood we have chosen meets the above sanitary standards using a special formula that allows us to calculate the average performance.
To calculate, you need to measure the area of the kitchen and the height of the ceiling.
The method takes into account the reserve power factor, which depends on:
- from hood removal to air duct;
- resistance to air movement from the filter system used;
- counteraction of pipeline bends to the flow of air masses;
- necessary power reserve when food burns.
This coefficient is selected as an average value equal to 1.3÷1.6 depending on the number of storeys of the building, contamination of the ventilation shaft channels, and loss of air flow in its mains.
The calculation technology is based on multiplying all indicators. Let's look at an example:
- kitchen area - 12 m²;
- ceiling height - 3 m;
- air exchange rate - 12;
- reserve power factor - (1.3÷1.6).
We multiply these data and conclude: a hood with a capacity of 700 cubic meters per hour will be just right.
The larger the area and volume of the kitchen, the more powerful the hood should be.
Different techniques can give different results from each other. This is explained by the average indicators of the coefficients, which is quite acceptable. For high-quality operation of the equipment, it is advisable to focus on the maximum value, creating a reserve.
The effect of electric motor power on the removal of unpleasant odors is clearly demonstrated in a video by Yuri Faraponova.
Types of hoods for installation
Kitchen ventilation units are divided according to their installation method:
- Flat;
- recessed;
- islets;
- dome;
- desktop computer
- T-shaped.
Flat
Suspended (flat) appliances are installed directly above the hob. They contain fans for sucking in air and filters for cleaning it. They are relatively easy to hang: no threads or wiring required. The distance between a flat hood and a gas or electric stove is standardized. The height of the hood above a gas stove varies between 75-85 cm (65-75 cm for an electric stove).
Some models are equipped with a duct connection to exhaust air to the outside.
Built-in
This type of hood should be installed in a folding cabinet located above the stove. Thanks to its design, the device becomes invisible in the interior. The appliance must be selected according to the width of the hob and the cabinet in which it will be cut. The distance from the hob to the hood is calculated using the same standard data. However, it is worth considering the height of the wall cabinets (if you want to integrate the structure into finished furniture). When ordering a new kitchen, cabinet manufacturers make their own calculations based on the standards and width of the hob.
Built-in appliances also include appliances that are built into the kitchen countertop, behind the cooktop. They are also called tabletop instruments. The distance between the hob and the appliance is reduced to a minimum. The work surface for this combination of appliances should be approximately 900 mm wide.
Island
Island hoods are installed when the stove is in the middle of the room. The device is attached to the ceiling, directly above the electric or gas stove. The height of the hood above the stove should be between a minimum and a maximum of 75 and 85 cm in relation to the gas stove. For electricians, these figures are 10 cm less.
The installation height should be calculated in such a way that the housekeeper’s head does not reach the body of the appliance when it is next to the stove.
Dome
Dome vents are installed above the stove after kitchen cabinets are installed. The advantage of this type is that they can be decorated to suit different interior styles. Height is standard.
Oblique
Inclined type ventilation devices are installed on the wall. The distance between the stove and the hood is measured from the bottom edge of the stove. The minimum distance from the stove should be 35 cm, and the maximum (for effective operation) 45 cm.
T-shaped
T-type ventilation units fit perfectly into Hi-tech style interiors. They can be made from various materials with chrome parts, glass and stainless steel. The distance from the stove to the hood is calculated in accordance with the instructions of the unit, but in most cases it corresponds to standard requirements.
The best models of exhaust fans for the kitchen
Exhaust fans differ in many parameters, including cost. In terms of choice, it is of no small importance; moreover, among the budget options you can find quite decent exhaust fans.
Below we will present several models of popular exhaust fans. Their merits are appreciated by many buyers, whose reviews recommend them for purchase.
ERA D 100 (PROFIT 4 12V)
Budget hood for a small kitchen. Its cost is 500-550 rubles in specialized stores.
"Era" D 100 is a representative of an axial exhaust fan that fits perfectly into the ventilation duct connector. The body is made of durable plastic, which is protected from fading in the sun. The rotor does not overheat and is protected from condensation.
The emitted noise level does not exceed 35 dB.
Planet Perfecto 100K with check valve
This is another option for a budget fan, the price tag of which varies between 600-700 rubles. The device is a typical representative of an axial fan, the rotor of which is equipped with a check valve. This is very convenient for the kitchen, because after turning off the fan, the unpleasant smell does not return to the room.
The power of the device is 14 W, which is quite suitable for a small kitchen. In addition, the acoustic pressure of “Planet Perfecto 100K” does not exceed normal levels - 39 dB.
DICITI D 100 (PARUS 4C)
The exhaust fan, original in its design (available in several colors), is made of durable ABS plastic, which protects the device from thermal changes, increased moisture and fading.
The manufacturer guarantees 40,000 hours of continuous fan operation, which is made possible thanks to the 16 W motor power. The level of noise waves does not exceed 35 dB. The fan reliably holds the absorbed air, preventing it from escaping back.
The cost of the Parus 4C device is 980 rubles.
Fan Vents TT PRO 200
This exhaust hood will cost 4,000 rubles, but will do its job perfectly.
It is recommended to use it in the kitchen, where there is high humidity and frequent temperature changes. The case is made of high-quality, durable plastic, which protects the internal “filling” of the device. The latter is represented by a rotor and a terminal box, which are secured with clamps.
Maximum power – 108 W. Acoustic pressure – 45 dB.
Installation stages
The entire installation and connection process can be divided into several stages:
- First you need to install the hood in the right place. This involves physical attachment to a wall or ceiling.
- At the second stage, you need to connect the power. If there is an outlet nearby, there should be no problems. Otherwise, you will have to pull the cord from the nearest source and the extension cord can be used as a temporary measure.
- The last step is only relevant for models with air ducts to the ventilation system. At this stage, the air duct is connected and directed into the ventilation duct.
If there is an outlet nearby, you will not have problems connecting it. The rest of the steps aren't too complicated either, but let's look at them in more detail.
Exhaust circuit
Kitchen exhaust ventilation is one of the most popular systems for use in the kitchen. As a rule, it comes in two types:
- general - provides for the installation of a fan with a grille that carries out air exchange;
- The local system is based on the installation of equipment such as an extractor hood, which helps to draw in all odors, vapors and gases using the fan function.
The most common and modern system is to install a hood in the kitchen. As a rule, it has a dome shape and is directly connected to the ventilation system with an installed duct.
Attaching a wall or dome model to a wall
Despite the fact that both models differ from each other in appearance, they are installed on the wall. There are four holes on the back of the case - two on the left and two on the right. Many manufacturers provide a mounting template with their products that indicates fastener positions. Simply lean the template against the wall and move the markings. If there is no template, measure the distance between the holes and transfer it to the wall. If you have an assistant, you can ask him to hold it at the desired height and make the markings yourself.
The next step is simple: use a drill to make holes of the appropriate size, insert plastic plugs into the studs, and then hang the hood on the stud nails. Of course, we check the level of installed equipment.
This method is good if the wall is smooth and nothing is in the way. Often there is a gas pipe running next to the stove, which prevents the hood from being installed next to the wall. In this case, wooden blocks can be nailed to the wall, and a hood can be attached to the blocks. This is a simple option, but not a very good one - the strips become dirty and difficult to clean.
The second option for installing the extractor behind the pipes is to use studs (another name is hydraulic bolts). They have a thread for screwing into the wall, a smooth part that allows you to take the hood away from the wall, and a smaller thread with two nuts that will secure the housing. There are these studs in different sizes, choose what you need, but all nuts are made to fit a little or octagonal wrench.
This option for installing a hood is universal, easy to manufacture and reliable. It is also easier to maintain - the metal is usually stainless and is not difficult to clean from deposits.
Why do you need ventilation in the kitchen?
Ventilation is necessary to maintain normal air composition, because as the kitchen is used, the air in it deteriorates:
- the concentration of harmful substances released by finishing materials, furniture and many other objects increases;
- As a result of gas exchange in a person’s lungs, carbon dioxide accumulates in the kitchen, and the oxygen content in the air drops. The same thing happens when gas is burned during the operation of a kitchen stove;
Carbon monoxide exposure
- Due to strong steam formation during cooking, condensation forms in the kitchen, which harms the finishing materials of walls, floors and ceilings. As a result of dampness, fungi and mold appear on them. The latter releases spores into the room atmosphere that cause allergies - dermatitis, asthma and chronic bronchitis.
Black mold on the wall
In the kitchen, it is imperative to organize high-quality ventilation - removal of dirty air to the street and an influx of fresh air from the street.
Installing a built-in hood in a cabinet
The built-in hood is almost completely hidden in the cabinet designed for it. It is installed in the same way as described above - with screws, but screwed into the walls. Only earlier on the above shelves it is necessary to make holes for the ventilation duct. This is done after purchasing the hood, since the location of the air outlet depends on the company and model.
If the cabinet is hanging, it is better to remove it. After removing the cabinet, reinstall the hood, mark the air outlet on the bottom shelf and cut it out. To do this, it is easier to use an electric jigsaw and a saw with fine teeth. There are almost no splinters left from the laminate saw. If necessary, you can seal the cutting area with a plastic C-shaped furniture profile. They are tough and flexible. Flexibility in use is easy - bends at any angle, rigidity in installation will have to heat the construction dryer. These profiles “sit” on glue, usually with “liquid nails”. After installation, remove any remaining adhesive (with a damp, clean cloth) and attach masking tape to the shelf. Cut off the excess profile with a fine-toothed saw, then clean the cut with fine sandpaper.
Make holes on the other shelves in the same way. They may be rectangular rather than round, depending on the channel cross-section chosen.
Then all the shelves are installed in place, and the cabinet is folded back and secured. The built-in hood is attached to it with screws through holes in the cabinet. Then we start connecting the wiring.
Errors
The most common mistake is blind connection of air ducts for natural ventilation.
Obviously, someone leaves the grille for natural air movement, but still manages to block it with the duct itself.
Connection of a duct diameter that is too small via an adapter to an efficient hood with a large outlet flange.
Recommended dimensions for round air ducts are d=125 mm. For rectangular air ducts – 204*60mm.
Exit the air duct to the outside through a self-made hole in the wall.
In most cases this is prohibited by the rules. Individual provisions will be presented later in the text.
Of course, you can lay a separate channel through the facade to the roof. But is it worth it? Although this solution is widely used in restaurants and cafes located on the ground floors of multi-storey buildings.
By the way, the ban on venting air outside through a wall does not apply to private houses, but only to high-rise buildings.
Complex route geometry with many transitions and turns.
Firstly, it will affect the noise. Although, of course, the corners themselves are not the greatest evil. And sometimes you can't do without them.
Turns that follow one another without acceleration sections are dangerous.
Connecting a backup exhaust duct (e.g. 1000 m3/h) to a standard ventilation duct that can handle approximately 300 m3/h.
Remember that a capacity of 200-300 m3/h is usually sufficient to remove all odors with minimal stress on the ventilation of the house.
6 Mounting the hood at the wrong height.
The installation height directly depends on whether you have a gas or induction hob.
Installing a plastic vent without a good seal or joining the parts with glue.
Believe me, sometimes you have to dismantle the structure.
Top, not bottom, grille grooves in the same frame as the ductwork.
Why this is an error, and when it is still possible, is discussed below.
There is no separate outlet for the hood at the top of the wall.
Thus, it is connected in any way convenient for you, through carrier and extension cords. Don't forget that this is not, after all, a portable device like a fan, heater, or portable air conditioner.
This means that the wiring for it must be fixed and intelligent.
Incorrect installation of the check valve.
It must be cut and installed at the correct angle and slope. Otherwise it will not work properly.
In general, the installation of a hood can be divided into two main stages. The first is connecting to electricity. The second is wiring and everything connected with it.
Which ventilation to choose
Of course, it is better to choose supply and exhaust ventilation. In the kitchen, install a hood (preferably a powerful one) and it is better to take the veterinary duct out through the wall to the street, and not into the general house ventilation system. In a private house everything is much simpler. The veterinary duct from the hood can be led to the roof. But it is better to choose an electric stove (good for health) than a gas one. If a private house has a gas boiler, then you need to think about natural exhaust. It is important that air constantly enters the room. But natural ventilation alone is not always enough. Owners of houses with a gas boiler install additional fans in the room.
Incorrect connection of the exhaust duct to the ventilation
The main task during installation is to correctly connect the air duct without disturbing the natural ventilation of the house.
Some masters even advise taking it all outside, through the nearest wall. However, according to the rules of SNiP (Construction Law), this is not allowed.
It clearly states that such a hole cannot be located closer than 8 m from the adjacent window. Since this window is considered as a device for air flow from outside.
Code of Practice SP54 and SP60 can be found here.
Drill a big hole in the wall, spend a lot of nerves and money, and your neighbor will complain to you, and you will be obliged to fix everything.
How do most consumers get in touch? You take a regular waveform, lay it over the vent, stretch it, and attach it to a flange that is bolted to the vent.
Like this. Simple, cheap and wrong. What are the disadvantages of this method? Firstly, the noise.
When air passes through such undulations, it makes very unpleasant sounds.
But the point is that when the device is turned off and not working, natural ventilation is forced to pull air out of the apartment through the hood. Not only can the air duct become clogged, but in the summer there is sometimes no draft at all (due to the same temperature inside and outside the house).
Additionally, you place the greased grate, motor, turbine, etc. by air. In addition, the air intake will not be at the ceiling level, but at the level of the middle of the kitchen.
Although all odors from waste products must be removed from the highest possible level.
It is absolutely clear that in this case there will be no immersion. In other words, with your hands you are depriving yourself of natural ventilation.
This can lead to mold and increased humidity. During the off-season, the door will swell and not close properly.
Add to this the lack of oxygen, and you will constantly feel sick. Some people get confused and think that a spell has been cast on them or there is bad energy in the apartment, but in fact this is the problem - improper ventilation!
Initially, during the Soviet era, when designing our high-rise buildings, engineers expected that air would flow into the apartment, partly due to gaps in wooden windows.
However, by installing plastic windows and sealed doors, we blocked this channel of fresh air into the house. Close the ventilation and you'll live like you're in a submarine.
To correct the situation in such cases, it is recommended to place the power valve on a plastic window.
Recommendations from the experts
Before you start creating the ventilation system in question, you need to double-check all the calculations made several times in order to avoid making a mistake, which can then be costly. Experts also advise using only proven components from well-known manufacturers. Otherwise, there is a risk that a fan may fail, which will disrupt the entire operation of the ventilation system.
If you cannot perform any procedure with your own hands, you should not hesitate to contact a specialist. It is better to spend a little time and money on consulting a professional than to make a mistake on your own that could disrupt the operation of the entire system.
Installing a hood in a frame house
Technically speaking, installing a kitchen hood in a frame house is not much different from similar work in an apartment. The main difference is the ability to extract air directly outside and the preliminary development of an individual ventilation system.
At the kitchen design stage, not one, but two ventilation ducts are provided. One is responsible for sucking in fresh air, and the other is responsible for suction. The ventilation duct can be common to the kitchen, boiler room and chimney.
The ventilation system of a wooden house also has a number of other features:
- Ventilation holes in the basement of a building act as air distributors.
- The chimney (vertical) is most often installed in the space between the outer and inner lining of one of the middle walls. Supply channels (horizontal) are installed in interfloor ceilings.
- The exhaust pipe should be at a height of 40-50 cm above the roof level. This provides good traction and no stagnation in the air.
Thus, a kitchen hood in a frame house is not just an electrical appliance, but a working part of the entire ventilation system.
Installing a hood is a complex process that requires preliminary calculations and work with the electrical system. Even one mistake can lead to unpleasant consequences in the form of a fire and ineffective operation of the device. You can avoid this and get advice on using a kitchen hood by inviting a specialist to install the hood.
Noise level
The higher the performance of an electrical appliance and the larger its size, the higher the noise level will be emitted during operation.
It is worth noting! The optimal indicator is considered to be 40-50 dB - such a device will not interfere with the rest of the household and will not disturb the sleep of a small child.
The buyer can independently find information about the noise level in the instructions or first ask a consultant in the store.
To reduce noise, some manufacturers equip the electric motor with bearings.
Famous manufacturers, popular models
Let's look at the most popular and effective models of kitchen hoods from different manufacturers.
Siemens LI 67 SA 680 IX
3 power levels and one intensive mode. High quality hood with touch control. Equipped with two engines with additional sound insulation. Cost 60,000 rub.
ELIKOR Fireplace Gran 60
Dehydration, air circulation, illuminated cooking surface. Wall-mounted three-speed model equipped with an additional lubrication filter. Cost 7000 rub.
Shindo REYA 60W
Waste heat extraction. 3-speed mode, low power motors (65 W) reduces noise levels. Cost 4500 rub.
MAUNFELD Lee Light 35
Air extraction, air circulation. Three-speed island hood with LED lighting and low noise. Cost 28,000 rubles.
Midea MH 60T 349 W
Exhaust air, indoor air circulation. Suspended 3-speed dome type hood. Equipped with 2 100 W motors. Cost 4000 rub.
Krona Kamilla Sensor 600
Distract or circulate the air flow. 3-speed exhaust hood with 2 motors. It is characterized by high efficiency and relatively low price. Cost 9000 rubles.
Faber HOO-B BK/A A52
Drainage of waste stream. Table top model. Has 3 operating speeds, one intensive mode for removing waste stream. Cost 105,000 rubles.
How to choose a kitchen hood with outlet
Think about everything in detail before you buy.
ParametersRecommendations
| Hood size | It is recommended to choose a hood depending on the size of the hob. If the hood is smaller, the device will be less efficient. |
| Device material | The most practical and durable are stainless steel hoods. |
| Control panel type | The hoods are available with push-button and touch controls, which can be selected according to your preferences. |
| Noise level | A noise level of 50 decibels is considered the maximum permissible and comfortable. |
| Hood power | This can be 180-700 cubic meters per hour. Sanitary standards require that the device blow out the entire room in 1 hour. For volumes over 140 m3, it is recommended to connect through a separate air duct, without using a general ventilation system. |
Nuances of standard hood sizes and body shape
The dimensions of the hood must be larger than the dimensions of the hob. If the device is too small, it will not be able to handle the full amount of polluted air.
Popular models of 60 cm kitchen hoods with ventilation. A product with dimensions of 120*60 allows enough air to pass through it, but not more than 350 cubic meters per hour. Models with parameters 206*60 mm are classified as large sizes. They are used in large capacity devices.
Kitchen hoods with a width of 50 cm are not very effective. It is also worth remembering that the efficiency of the device may be reduced due to the presence of 90-degree bends and a reduced cross-section of the ventilation duct.
When determining the size of exhaust ducts, estimate the size of the ducts in advance.
Note: If the duct shape does not match the duct configuration, additional adapters must be purchased.
Housing material
The hood body is usually made of three material options. Among the expensive materials is stainless steel. These surfaces are easy to clean and look aesthetically pleasing.
Budget options include metal surfaces coated with various enamels. Tempered glass is also often used. However, such a surface requires careful care.
Noise level features
The noise level of a range hood is measured in decibels. Since all family members spend a significant amount of time in the room, this value should be within 45-50 dB. This noise is identical to a quiet conversation. At maximum power, this level should not exceed 70 dB.
Backlight and control panel
Hoods are often equipped with a special light source. Suitable option with halogen lamps. Lighting can be diffused or focused.
The control panel is either a button or a touch screen. The latter is equipped with sensors that record humidity and temperature. When these values are changed, the device can switch to a specific operating mode. This type of panel is easy to maintain. The mechanical control panel has controls and buttons on the front side of the case.
The electronic control option is characterized by a certain convenience. It is also possible to program the device to work offline.
Hood care rules
To ensure long service life of the device, clean it regularly. Before cleaning, disconnect the hood from the power supply. Next, remove the grill or filter and wash any parts where dirt may have accumulated. You can use dishwashing detergent or a special formula designed for stainless steel items.
A feature of modern materials is that they are easy to clean. But sometimes, in case of severe dirt, you need to use a detergent. Do not use powdered products, metallic sponges or sponges with hard fibers as they may scratch the surface of the hood.
To clean the buttons, use a soft cloth dampened with a cleaning solution. When all parts of the hood are perfectly clean and the surface is wiped dry, the device can be connected to the network and used.
The quality and regularity of cleaning your kitchen hood will have a direct impact on its service life. If you give it the attention it deserves, the device will last for many years, and even after 5 years it will look like new.
What equipment dimensions allow you to optimally remove odors?
When choosing a design, be sure to pay attention to the correspondence between the dimensions of the stove and the hood. The undersized dimensions of the latter can greatly hinder the performance of the exhaust system and will require increased fan power.
This issue is usually judged by the width of the hood. To work effectively, it should protrude slightly beyond the dimensions of the controlled slab or have equal outlines.
Her most time-consuming tasks are:
- collect fat that is formed during frying in a frying pan;
- absorb steam released when cooking food.
Fat and steam that are not completely removed will settle on the kitchen unit during the cooking process, shorten its service life, and disrupt the overall design. This is especially true for gas stoves, which additionally emit gas combustion products that are far from safe.
By choosing the ratio between the width of kitchen equipment, we ensure optimal, effective or poor-quality removal of vapors, grease and odors from the room.
Compliance with the dimensions of the stove and hood ensures high-quality operation of all equipment and a long service life of kitchen furniture.
