Advantages
Depending on the interior decoration and insulation, the house is used year-round or only on summer days. If there is not a lot of free land, then it is recommended to choose a two-story house of 200 sq. m. m. with an attic. The main features include:
- A large selection of finishing materials, it can be concrete, brick, wood or frame structures.
- Stylish and modern facade. Construction stores offer a wide selection of finishes that can add curb appeal to your home.
- Many functional areas. Thanks to the right approach to planning, you can install all the desired functional rooms - a gym, an office, a playroom and a guest room.
- The area allows you to accommodate many rooms.
- You can develop a budget project. The price depends on the architectural complexities.
Single-circuit or double-circuit?
If the boiler has only one circuit, then it by itself can only provide heating to the house. If you need to heat water for a house with an area of 200 square meters, you will need to buy and connect a storage boiler. This usually requires a connection kit recommended by the manufacturer.
Double-circuit boilers are initially designed for heating and hot water. However, it is recommended to use such equipment only when the need for hot water is small, otherwise the supply may be unstable or completely insufficient.
Design project
The interior of a private house is 200 sq. m. a kitchen-living room made in a classic style will fit perfectly. Luxurious and sophisticated direction, excluding arches. A fireplace will create a cozy atmosphere, and in winter it will become a favorite place for the whole family.
A large panel next to the TV will perform a decorative function. A stained glass panel will decorate the ceiling in the kitchen area. Opposite the window, a mirror mosaic is smoothed, making the room even brighter.
It is recommended to decorate the walls in the corridor and next to the stairs in light shades. For steps and railings, the classic chooses natural wood. White and beige colors will give a light and soft atmosphere. A colorful mosaic is selected for the ceiling.
Tallest buildings in Russia
In Russia there are also several buildings that are included in the ranking of the tallest in the world. The tallest building in our country is the Ostankino TV tower with a height of 540 meters. The TV tower was built in 1967 and is still the tallest building in Russia and Europe. The Ostankino TV Tower ranks 16th in the ranking of the tallest buildings in the world.
The tallest building in Russia that is not related to the broadcast of radio or television signals is the Lakhta Center in St. Petersburg with a height of 462 meters. This is 26th in the world ranking of the tallest buildings in the world.
Also among the tallest buildings in the world there are several more television towers and office buildings, including the buildings of the Moscow City complex. Here's what the list looks like based on world rankings:
- Ostankino TV Tower , Moscow, 540 meters, 16th place in the world
- Lakhta Center , St. Petersburg, 462 meters, 26th place in the world
- Boganida radio tower , Boganida, 461.5 meters, 27th place in the world
- Inta radio mast , Verkhnyaya Inta, 461 meters, 28th place in the world
- Balashikha radio mast , Balashikha, 427 meters, 43rd place in the world
- Radio mast of station RJH63 of the RSDN-20 system , Imeritinskaya, 425 meters, 46th place in the world
The Ostankino TV tower is the tallest of all buildings in Russia and Europe.
Above are the tallest buildings in Russia , included in the world ranking of buildings, masts and television towers. There is also a separate rating of office/residential buildings . It includes the Lakhta Center (St. Petersburg, 462 meters, 16th place in the world), the Federation East Tower (Moscow, 373 meters, 54th place in the world) and the South Oko Tower (Moscow, 353 meters, 69th place in the world).
Lakhta Center. Tallest building in Russia and Europe
Lakhta Center in St. Petersburg is ranked 16th in the ranking of the tallest office residential buildings in the world. Its height is 472 meters. This is the tallest building in Russia and Europe. And also the northernmost super-tall skyscraper.
First floor
On the ground floor, as a rule, there is a public area. It includes guest rooms, a dining area, a kitchen and a living room. In addition, you can place a study and laundry room.
For a vestibule, it is enough to allocate 5 square meters. m. with a transition to a spacious hall of 20 sq. m. m. From the hall there are doors to all rooms on the first floor, and there is also a staircase to the second floor.
The main area is occupied by the living room and kitchen; they can be combined and allocated 40 sq. m. m. Dressing room 15 sq. m. is also appropriate on the ground floor. In the designer photos of the house there are 200 sq. m., there is definitely an office. It is comfortable and practical, and small in size. Everything you need will fit into 10 square meters. m.
The guest rooms are also miniature, but cozy.
Tallest building on Earth
Currently, the tallest building in the world is the Burj Khalifa. At the same time, the Burj Khalifa is a residential/office building and broadcasting radio or television signals is not its main task. Translated from Arabic, the name Burj Khalifa means “Tower of the Khalifa.” Until 2010, this huge building was called Burj Dubai (Dubai Tower). But when opening the tower, the ruler of the Emirate of Dubai renamed it, dedicating the building to the President of the UAE, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan.
This is not just a skyscraper, but an ultra-tall skyscraper with a height of 828 meters, which is as many as 163 floors . In shape it resembles a stalagmite, which we have already talked about. This shape gives it more stability.
Stalagmites are mineral formations that grow in the form of pillars (cones) at the bottom of caves and other underground cavities. Stalactites grow towards them. Often they grow together, forming stalagnates.
The grand opening of the tower took place on January 4, 2010 , although it was originally planned for three months earlier. The earlier launch date was planned to coincide with the launch of the Dubai Metro. Surprisingly, such a delay was caused by problems with financing. Somehow it doesn’t fit with the way they spend money in Dubai.
This is what the tower looked like when it was just starting to be built.
Even two and a half years before completion, the tower became the tallest thing that man had made. It was ahead of the Warsaw radio mast, which fell in 1991.
The Warsaw radio tower had a height of 646.38 meters. The tower collapsed on August 8, 1991 while one of the guy wires was being replaced.
The Burj Khalifa is more than just a tower. It is practically a city within a city. Inside there are residential premises, offices, shops, sports centers, entertainment complexes and much more. Outside there is a park with lawns and fountains. Everything together looks very futuristic.
A little more about construction. They want to build a space hotel on the ISS.
Guest room
Everything you need for a comfortable stay can be placed on 15 square meters. m. A soft sofa, a spacious cabinet and a wardrobe - this is enough for a cozy time. When the room is empty, you can do your favorite creative work in it.
It is recommended to choose a neutral palette; bright, rich colors are a matter of taste, and not everyone will be able to feel calm in a colorful room.
Next to the guest room there is 5 sq. m for a toilet with a bath. A washing machine can also be installed here. White, pale blue or beige colors are used for decoration.
History of the construction of Burj Khalifa
The construction of the Burj Khalifa cost one and a half billion dollars , and the author of the project was the architect Adrian Smith. This architect designed the Jin Mao skyscraper in China, 420 meters high. Interestingly, the contractor for the construction of Burj Khalifa was a division of Samsung. The same division was involved in the construction of the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Beautiful Petronas Towers in Malaysia. This is one of the most elegant buildings. Largely due to the connecting bridge.
Burj Khalifa cost $1.5 billion to build
Interestingly, during the construction of the Burj Khalifa, the final height of the tower was kept secret. In general, there are many secrets in the world, but in this case it was done so that if someone decides to build a building higher, the project could be changed and still be higher.
The foundation of the building was laid in 2004, and construction itself proceeded at a rate of 1-2 floors per week. 12,000 workers from different countries were engaged in construction every day . In total, the construction required more than 300,000 cubic meters of concrete and 60,000 tons of steel reinforcement.
Starting in 2007, the tower began to surpass previous height record holders until it became the tallest. It finally reached its height of 818 meters in early 2009, a little less than a year before the official opening.
Second floor
If a public area is allocated for the first floor, then the second floor is the personal private territory of the owners of the house. Large bedroom of 20 sq. m. and children's rooms. Standard apartments with limited space do not allow children to fit everything they need in their room. Therefore, the house has 200 sq. m. 25-30 sq. m. can be allocated for them. m. On the second floor there is a spacious bath of 15 square meters. m.
Muted beige shades with chocolate-colored accents are suitable for the bedroom. Pastel, light and delicate colors are appropriate for a children's room. For girls, you can create a fabulous, gentle atmosphere in light lilac or beige colors.
For a boy, you can choose sand shades with an emphasis on blue. Despite the spacious room, it is not recommended to clutter it with furniture. The environment must maintain freedom of movement. Which is especially important for active children.
The bathroom should have enough squares to accommodate all the plumbing fixtures - toilet, shower and bathtub. A large family also needs cabinets and cabinets for storing personal hygiene products, and a laundry basket built into the pencil case.
Used foreign cars up to 200,000 rubles: top 5 worthy offers
We will talk exclusively about foreign cars for the reason that the Russian auto industry, alas, even in its new form sometimes represents a source of technical problems. And even more so in a used one. Another problem is the quality of domestic components, which are often enough for a minimum period of time, after which they have to be changed again. In addition, we boldly add to foreign cars the fact that they have ergonomics, comfort, customized driving habits and other delights of foreign car brands, which our cars are most often deprived of.
In general, for any money, look for a foreign car, because when Europeans make a car for Europeans, this is very different from the approach when AvtoVAZ makes a car for Russians.
So, we define the search conditions. First of all, we set the price criterion a little higher - at the level of 210-220 thousand rubles, since bargaining for 10-20 thousand in the event of a purchase decision is not a problem.
Secondly, we cut off all cars older than 10 years - this is the age that still provides some guarantees for the technical and moral condition of the car. In the end, most foreign car brands provide a 10-year guarantee against through corrosion, which means that at least with the body, if the car has not been in an accident, problems can be avoided. By the way, at this age there are still examples from the same hands (!), which dramatically increases the chances of getting a well-maintained car.
And thirdly, we move “show-off” into the background. You can’t get any “Japanese”, “German”, or solid middle-class cars, not to mention crossovers, for that kind of money. Even the automatic transmission will have to be forgotten. All participants in the selection are high-quality “state employees”, whose main competitors in our market have always been “Zhiguli”.
Peugeot 206\206 Sedan
Photo: Peugeot press service.
One of the most successful Peugeot models ever. The car turned out to be so inexpensive, durable and unpretentious that in France itself it outlasted both the Peugeot 207 and even the 208 on the assembly line.
2009 was the last year for the car, after which the 206+ version appeared in Europe, and the 206 Sedan in Russia. Let us immediately note that the hatchback and sedan differ not only in the body. Hatchbacks are only French, but the sedan is the fruit of licensed production of the Iranian company Iran Khodro. Alas, the quality of the Middle Eastern assembly and the materials used did not differ for the better from the original products.
One way or another, the car in the vast majority of variants will be equipped with 1.4 (75 hp) gasoline engines or in top versions 1.6 (109 hp). Both engines with a timing belt drive and with proper care are very durable, especially the 1.4. Over time, it is worth paying attention to all kinds of sensors, the ignition and cooling systems, as well as replacing gaskets that may leak.
The Peugeot 206 has two problems - the rear beam, the bearings of which can withstand about 80,000 km, and the notorious AL4 automatic. Nobody repairs the beam - it is simply replaced with a restored one and the faulty one is returned. But it’s better to simply avoid the machine, although you learned how to repair it a long time ago, although it doesn’t help for long. Everything else is little things that are inexpensive and easy to change due to the simplicity of the design.
Fiat Albea
Photo: Fiat press service.
The Italian sedan is built according to the scheme of a typical “state employee”: converted from the European Palio hatchback with assembly in Latin America, Eastern Europe, Turkey and even Russia. Despite its not the most sophisticated forms, Albea was a good success due to its excellent combination of price and consumer characteristics.
The key to the car's endurance is that in Russia it was sold in a single version - with a good 1.4 petrol engine (77 hp) and only a manual gearbox.
The main disadvantage of the Fiat Albea is the widespread use of inexpensive components that do not last very long in our conditions. Sensors, filters, belts, suspension parts, bearings, clutch - all of this has shortened replacement intervals, which sometimes do not exceed 50,000 km. All kinds of anthers most likely will not survive the frosty Russian winters. In addition, Fiat turned out to be demanding on the quality of oil and especially fuel.
In general, we can say that a Fiat Albea, with good care, does not cause any special problems until at least 150,000 km. And the fact that older people usually became the owners of the car indicates a large number of copies in decent condition.
Chevrolet Aveo I restyling
Photo: Chevrolet press service
Subjectively, it is the most modern in terms of external and internal aesthetics, and in a sedan body it is also the most solid car in our rating. This fact meant that the car had a mixed clientele, including a young one who did not particularly care about condition. So today on the secondary market there are both very well-kept specimens and barely alive ones. You need to look at the previous owner.
The car was sold in Russia with two engines - 1.2 and 1.4 liters. A significant feature is that both engines underwent modernization right at the turn of 2008-2009, so it is better to choose the most recent copy, which is guaranteed to be updated. Moreover, Aveo is the case when the younger engine turned out to be more reliable than the older one. After the update, the 1.2 engine received a chain instead of a timing belt, as well as a 16-valve system.
The 1.4 engine became famous for breaking camshaft gears, which resulted in the owner having to undergo serious repairs. Since 2009, the problem has been eliminated. One way or another, both engines are demanding in terms of maintenance and fuel quality - oil change intervals are no later than 10,000 km, gasoline is strictly 95.
You can’t get an automatic for the specified price for the Aveo, and therefore all versions will be equipped with a manual transmission. It has average reliability - you need to monitor the oil level, there may be problems engaging the first two gears. The suspension is distinguished by the use of not the most expensive components, and therefore has average characteristics of both tuning and reliability. In addition, it regularly contains extraneous sounds.
The main criterion for choosing a Chevrolet Aveo is a proven history and the most recent copy after 2009. Serious problems with Aveo are unlikely to happen, but little things can bother you.
Renault Logan\Renault Symbol
Logan is, one might say, a legend of the Russian market and one of the most common cars on the secondary market. However, we will consider it in tandem with its brother Clio Symbol, which also deserves attention.
We wrote about all the technical features of Renault Logan in a separate detailed article. Taken as a whole, this is one of the most indestructible cars on the Russian market. For this reason, carefully study the offers, since there is a high chance of running into a taxi with terrible mileage and condition with good external characteristics.
Traditionally, Logan is embarrassed by its dingy interior and poor ergonomics, in which, for all its spaciousness, for example, it is impossible to fold the rear seats.
If you want European comfort with relative simplicity, look towards the Clio Symbol. The car has a specific appearance and a cramped interior, but in it you can get a full range of European benefits - comfort, ergonomic interior, tuned suspension and equipment rich for the class.
At the same time, the car is not much inferior to Logan in reliability, with the exception of perhaps a more delicate suspension and a tendency to corrosion. The car is equipped with two 1.4 engines - 75 or 98 horsepower. The main requirement is to change consumables and oil more often. The timing drive will require replacement after 50-60 thousand km; it is best to change the spark plugs immediately along with the coils; radiators suffer from flying stones. Air conditioner pipes rot.
The more powerful 16-valve engine has the peculiarity of trimming at idle - it does not affect reliability, but you can try increasing the idle speed.
The most important advantage of both Renault sedans is the availability of spare parts and reasonable service prices. Even at a dealer, a complete maintenance with diagnostics, oil change, all filters and even front brake pads today costs about 6-7 thousand rubles, taking into account discounts for out-of-warranty cars. It is not surprising that ten-year-old Logan and Symbol are regularly found with a full service history and even a “living” service book - the merit of caring owners, most of whom are elderly.
Opel Corsa D
Photo: wikimedia.org.
Not counting the old Peugeot 206, this is the only representative of a full-fledged European automobile industry, and a German one, without any discounts on the budget, fitting into 200,000 rubles. The car, for example, has the highest quality interior made of good materials, which even after ten years looks good.
The only thing is that you won’t be able to find cars younger than 2008. Also, expect only the most basic trims, including no air conditioning and even no power windows.
For the specified money, there are Corsas on the market with the simplest 1.0 (60 hp) engine or, in rare cases, 1.2 (80 hp). The latter option may even be equipped with an EasyTronic robotic gearbox, which is best avoided immediately.
Interestingly, both engines have a timing chain and are generally quite reliable. Due to its weakness, the base engine always works at the limit of its capabilities, and therefore it needs increased attention. The questions are mainly about seals and gaskets that are not very tight. Problems may largely relate to attachments - all kinds of sensors, the notorious EGR valve, starter, thermostat and ignition modules.
It is up to the mechanic to choose between the two gearboxes. The primitive robot is a source of non-stop problems both in use and in repair. As for the suspension, the Opel Corsa is of average reliability: shock absorbers, springs and wheel bearings last about 60,000 km. Weaknesses include the electric power steering rack.
Conclusion
The main result can be described by the famous proverb “he who seeks will always find.” Even for little money, the market today is full of decent deals on cars that people may be selling for a variety of reasons.
Don’t rush to the first ad you come across, study the seller and immediately determine that even the very good condition of the car does not abolish the laws of physics. After buying a car with a mileage of 100,000 km, due to wear and tear, at least all consumables and some suspension elements will have to be changed, so have another 30,000 thousand in reserve for mandatory preventative repairs.
Cottage
Projects of one-story houses of 200 sq. m are common in urban areas and country houses. The one-story house includes all the necessary premises, additionally including an attic, a garage and a basement. The area allows you to place the house on a large or medium-sized plot. During the arrangement, different types of technologies are used.
Standard cottages and one-story houses are adapted to the region. Construction is carried out based on the local climate and soil. Finishing materials are selected according to the personal taste of the residents of the house. During the construction phase, changes may occur to the home's size, layout, and foundation.
One-story cottages are built if:
- Construction is planned on a large site with problematic soil.
- There is a person in the family with disabilities that prevent him from regularly climbing stairs.
- Home owners want to be closer to nature.
- There are plans to expand the area by adding an attic.
- The house design includes several entrances to separate living areas.
It is much more difficult to complete a project for a one-story house than for a cottage with two or three floors. Therefore, the development should be entrusted to professional architects. After all, it is important not only to distribute the space inside, but to provide all residents with good natural light.
Is an open or closed chamber better for a gas boiler?
Atmospheric traditional boilers with an open chamber take air for combustion of gas fuel directly from the room, so they require good ventilation. The combustion products are removed through a classic vertical chimney. These are boilers of simple design, easy to repair and maintain.
A closed combustion chamber is a more modern and technologically advanced option. Such boilers for a 200 m2 cottage use a coaxial (lateral, passing through the wall) chimney to take in air from the street and exhaust smoke. Boilers with a closed chamber have a built-in fan. They are considered the safest to operate, but their cost is higher than that of atmospheric models.
Photos of houses 200 sq. m.
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